Vlll, SYNOPSIS OF CONTENTS. 



Chapter VI. — Family habits in butterfly larvje — the apaturids. — Varied 

 habits of family, 38 ; Habits of Apatura iris ; Habits of Nearctic species, 

 39 ; Chlorippe celtis, C. clyton ; Gregariousness in Apaturids ; Hyber- 

 nation habit of A. iris, of A. ilia, of C. clyton, of G. celtis, 40; Resting- 

 habits after hybernation; Feeding-habits, 41; Habits of Nearctic species 

 after hybernation ; Irregular habits, 42 ; "Forwards " and " Laggards " ; 

 Single- and double-brooded species . . . . . . . . . . 43 



Chapter VII. — Family habits in butterfly larvae — the satyrids.— Great 

 difference between Satyrid larval habits and those of other main Nym- 

 phalid groups, 43 ; Characters of larvae ; Cryptic coloration ; Habits an 

 aid to cryptic colour ; Points of specialisation in group; Lethargic habits ; 

 Uniformity of feeding-habit, 44 ; Nocturnal habits ; Nearctic species, 

 habits similar ; Peculiar larval habits of Pararge egeria ; Autumn- and 

 spring-feeding habit, 45 ; Variation in winter habits ; Hybernation 

 of newly-hatched larvae; Wintering at high altitudes, 46; Incomplete 

 hybernation and nibbling habit ; Resting-habit of Melanargias, 47 ; 

 Species whose larvae hybernate when of considerable growth ; Variation 

 in habits of Parargids ; Day-hiding habit, 48 ; Variation in rate of larval 

 development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 



Chapter VIII. — Family habits in butterfly larv.e — the pierids. — 

 Dissimilarity in habits ; Gregarious habits of Aporiids ; Solitary 

 habits in Pierids (sens, rest.), 50; Devastation caused by larvse ; Nearctic 

 and Palaearctic species compared; "Forwards" and "laggards;" 

 Broodedness varying with latitude, 51 ; Rapid maturation of Pontiid larva?, 

 52 ; Habits of Anthocarids compared with those of Pontiids ; Cryptic 

 coloration ; Habits of Euchloe, 53 ; Dissimilarity between Anthocarid and 

 Euchioid larval habits ; Single-brooded habit ; Selection of cruciferous 

 plants a food-habit of the Pierids; Exceptions; Resting-habits of 

 Leplidia; compared with Pierids and Coliads ; Food-habit . . 54 



Chapter IX. — Family habits in butterfly larvae — the coliads and 

 gonepterygids. — Differences in general habits of Coliad and Gonep- 

 terygid larva?; Winter-feeding larvae ; "Forward" habit in Coliads, 55; 

 Food-habit, 56 ; Hybernating-habit ; Feeding- and resting-habits of 

 Coliads, 57 ; Sluggish habits ; Cryptic coloration ; Rapidity of feeding 

 after hybernation ; Projection of excrement ; The Cassia-feeding Rhodo- 

 cerids, 59 ; Eurema lisa ; Xanthippe nicippe ; Habits of Callidryads 

 (Catopsilias) ; Food-habit of Callidryads, 60 ; Summer-feeding habit in 

 Gonepterygids ; Food-habit of Gonepterygids ; Cryptic coloration and 

 lethargic habits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 



Chapter X. — Family habits in butterfly larvae — the ruralids. — Simi- 

 larities and diversities of habits in the different Ruralid tribes ; Thes- 

 torid and Callophryid larvae, 61 ; Boring-habit of larvae ; Variation in 

 degree ; The Incisalias ; Larval habits of Nearctic Incisalias and Palae- 

 arctic Callophryids compared, 62 ; Food-habit of Incisalias ; of Callo- 

 phryids; Thestorid feeding-habit, 63 ; "Forwards " discussed ; Strymonid 

 hybernating habit; Feeding-habit, 64 ; Palaearctic and Nearctic Strymonid 

 larval habits compared; Sluggishness and cryptic markings; Cannibalistic 

 tendencies; Hybernating habits in Ruralids, 65; Feeding-habit; 

 Sluggishness, and cryptic colour in Ruralids . . . . . . . . 66 



Chapter XL — Family habits in butterfly larvje — the lycjenids. — Larval 

 habits little known ; Habits of Plebeiid larva 1 most generalised, 66 ; General 

 structure of Lycaenid larvae suitable for boring habit, 67 ; Habits of 

 Celastrina argiolus, of Plebeius scudderii, of P. aegon, of Aricia astrarche, 

 of Agriades bellargus, of Polyommatus icarus, etc. ; Mining-habit 

 characteristic of young Plebeiid larvae ; Highly-developed boring-habit of 

 some species, 69 ; Lethargic habits of larva? ; connected with cryptic 

 coloration; Sluggish habits, 70 ; General food-habit, 71 ; Cannibalistic 

 and carnivorous habits, 72 ; Variable hybernating habit ; in eggshell, 

 etc., 73; "Forwards" in Lycaenid larvae, 74; Winter-feeding larva 1 ; 

 Association of Lycamid larvae with ants, 75 ; in Asia, 77 ; in Australia, 

 79 ; in Europe ; Suggested reasons for this association . . . . 80 



