86 



BKITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



scarcely prominent in any part ; body covered with hairs, mostly very short, but at 

 the laterodorsal ridge and the substigmatal fold they are two or three times longer, 

 though still short. 



Pupa. — Body shorter and stouter, and especially the whole abdomen fuller, than 

 in the other tribes ; dermal appendages consisting of cylindrical hairs, which are 

 equal, tapering only at tip, profusely provided with minute spicules, which diverge 

 at a slight angle from the stem. 



For the purpose of this work we divide the Palsearctic Ruralinae 

 into four tribes — the Thestoridi, the Callophryidi, the Strymonidi, and 

 the Ruralidi. Of our British genera Callophrys falls in the second 

 tribe, Strymon in the third, and Ruralis and Bithys in the fourth. 



Scudder says that the subfamily is about equally represented in 

 the Old and New Worlds ; the same is true of the north temperate 

 zones of the two regions considered apart ; only one genus {Strymon), 

 however, is common to both hemispheres. The tropics of the New 

 World nourish the vast majority of the species most closely allied to 

 those of Europe and North America. 



Tribe : Callophryidi. 

 Genus : Callophrys, Billberg. 



Synonymy. — Genus: Callophrys, Billbg., "Enum.," etc., p. 80 (1820); 



Scudd., " Hist. Sketch. Gen.," p. 132 (1875) ; Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 196 (1896); 



" Ent. Bee," vii., pp. 220, 300 (1896); Kirby, " Handbook," etc., ii., p. 54 (1896) ; 



Grote, " Schmett. von Hildesheim," p. 41 (1897) ; Keuter, "Ent. Bee," x., p. 97 



(1898) ; Staud., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 70 (1901) ; Dyar, " List Nth. Amer. Lep.," 



p. 39 (1902) ; LambiL, " Pap. Belg.," p. 194 (1902) ; Wheeler, " Butts. Switz.," 



p. 46 (1903); South, "Butts. Brit. Isles," p. 147 (1906). [Papilio-] Plebeius, 



Linn., " Sys. Nat.," xth ed., p. 483 (1758). Papilio, Linn., " Faun. Suec," 2nd 



ed., p. 284 (1761); Poda, "Ins. Mus. Graec," p. 77 (1761); Scop., "Ent. Carn.," 



p. 176 (1763) ; Hufn., " Berl. Mag.," ii., pt. 1, p. 82 (1766) ; Schiff., " Schmett. 



Wien.," 1st ed., p. 186 (1775) ; Fuess., " Verz.," p. 31 (1775) ; Bott., " Naturg.," 



vi., p. 12 (1776) ; Mull., " Zool. Dan. Prod.," p. 112 (1776) ; Bergs., " Nomen.," 



p. 28, pi. xxii., figs. 8-9 (pi. xxxi., fig. 4) (1780) ; Retz!, " Gen. Spec. Ins.," p. 245 



(1783); Geoff., "Ent. Paris.," p. 245 (1785); Schneider, "Sys. Besch.," 



p. 225 (1785); Bkb., "Sys. Besch.," i., pp. 138, 267 (1788); ii., p. 218 



(1789); Lang, "Verz.," p. 47 (1789); Brahm, "Ins.-Kal.," p. 227 (1791); 



Schwarz. " Kaup.-Kal.," p. 47 (1791); Lewin, "Ins. Gt. Brit.," p. 92, 



pi. xliv., figs. 3-6 (1795); Hiibn., "Eur. Schmett.," pi. lxxii., figs. 364-5 



(1799); text, p. 55 (circ. 1805); fig. 786 (1823); " Raupen," etc., Pap. ii., 



Gens. A.c.d., figs, la-c (circ. 1800) ; Herbst, " Nat. Syst.," pt. xi., p. 110, pi. 308, 



figs. 5-6 (1804); Ocbs., "Die Schmett.," i., pt. 2, p. 91 (1808). [Papilio- 



Plebeius-] Ruralis, Linn., "Sys. Nat.," xth ed., p. 791 (1767); Fab., "Sys. 



Ent.," p. 523 (1775) ; Sulz., " Abgek. Gesch. der Ins.," p. 36, pi. xviii., figs. 



11-12 (1776); Goeze, "Ent. Beit.," p. 29 (1780); Fab., "Spec. Ins.," p. 121 



(1781); "Mant. Ins.," p. 71 (1787) ; Bork., " Rhein. Mag.," L, p. 294 (1793) ; 



Haw., " Lep. Brit.," p. 39 (1803). [Plebeius-] Ruralis, Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," 



p. 279 (1779); pi. xxi., fig. 2 (1777); pi. xcviii. (contd. liii.), figs. 1-4 (1785). [Papilio-] 



Ruralis, De Vill., "Car. Linn. Ent. Fn. Suec," p. 68 (1789). [Hesperia-] 



Ruralis, Fab., "Ent. Syst.," iii., pt. 1, p. 287 (1793). [Papilio-] Hesperia, 111., 



" Schmett. Wien.," 2nd ed., p. 278 (1801). Cupido, Schrank, "Faun. Boica," 



ii., p. 218 (1801). Polyommatus, Latr., " Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins.," p. 117 (1805) ; 



" Gen. Crust. Ins.," iv., p. 207 (1809) ; " Enc. Meth.," ix., p. 673 (1819) ; Godt., 



"Hist. Nat.," p. 206, pi. x., fig. 3, p). x sec, fig. 5 (1821) ; Bdv., "Eur. Lep. 



Cat.," p. 10 (1829); Dup., "Cat. Meth.," p. 29 (1845). Lycaena, Fab., "111. 



Mag.," vi., p. 285 (1807); Leach, "Edin. Encyl.," ix., pt. 1, p. 129 (1815); Ochs., 



" Die Schmett.," iv., p. 27 (1816); R.L., " Jena. Allg. Lit. Zeit.," i., p. 280 (1817); 



Tr., " Die Schmett.," supp. x., p. 77 (1834) ; Zett., "Ins. Lapp.," p. 910 (1840) ; 



Evers., "Faun. Volg. Ural.," p. 65 (1844). Hesperia, Oken, " Lehrb. Zool.," 



pt. 2, p. 721 (1815). Zephyrus, Dalm., "Vet. Ak. HandL," i., p. 94 (1816). 



Heodes, Dalm., "Vet. Ak. Hand!.," i., p. 94 (1816). Chrysoptera, Zincken, 



" Allg. Lit. Zeit.," iii., p. 75 (1817). Lycus, Hb., " Verz.," p. 74 (1816-1818) ; 



Stphs., "Ulus. Brit. Ent. Haust.," app. iv., p. 404 (1835); "List," p. 15 



(1856); Dale, "Hist. Brit. Butts.," p. 44 (1890). Thecla, Sam., "Ent. 



