110 BKITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



Biisk, Ongodai, and the Tchuja Valley — as already noted, since it 

 appeared between June 2nd and June 19th, 1899, the birches only just 

 beginning to break into leaf on the first-named date at Biisk (Elwes). 

 Evans captured ten examples on April 23rd, 1901, in the northwest 

 Himalayas, in Chitral, in the Kesu nallah, at 6000ft. elevation. In 

 the Channel Isles, as in the British Isles, its normal time of appearance 

 is in May and June (Luff). In France, it appears in the north much as 

 in the south of England, but in the south much earlier. In the Berry 

 and Auvergne districts it occurs from April to mid- May (Sand) ; in the 

 Gironde, it is continuously on the wing from April to June (Trimoulet) ; 

 in April and May in the Haute-Garonne, and in July up to 2000 

 metres (Caradja), also in April and May in the Doubs (Bruand) ; from 

 the end of February to April in the Alpes-Maritimes (Milliere), in 

 April and May in the Saone-et-Loire (Constant), from April to the 

 commencement of June in the Pyrenees (Rondou), the last fortnight 

 of April and the first fortnight of May in the Vosges, Moselle and 

 Meurthe depts. (Cantener), in April and commencement of May 

 in Brittany (Griffith), in the Aube dept, April 20th- May 20th — May 

 10th is the usual time for the species (Jourdheuille). In Corsica, 

 it occurs everywhere from March to May (Kollmorgen). In Belgium 

 it appears from April to June, and Lam billion adds "early August to 

 end of September," which one doubts, especially as Snellen only gives 

 May and June for the Netherlands. In Italy, it occurs from February 

 to April along the Italian Riviera (Tutt); in Lombardy, it frequents 

 flowers, in May and June (Turati), in the Madonie Mts., in Sicily, 

 it is to be taken from March to July, according to elevation 

 400m. -1700m. (Failla-Tedaldi). In the Roman Campagna, the 

 Alban Mountains, &c, it occurs from April to June (Calberla), 

 whilst, at Aosta, it is to be found in May, and at Promontogno, 

 below the Maloja, was captured in June (Fountaine). In Spain, 

 near St. Roque, Walker has observed it as early as February 28th, 

 and it is quite over here, he says, by the first week in April. As to 

 Germany (and central Europe generally), Fuchs concludes that, in 

 the Rhine Provinces — even in the hot Loreley district — although 

 an occasional late specimen occurs, it belongs to a single brood, and, 

 in more bleak and higher localities, e.g., Dickschied, in the upper 

 Wisper Valley, it flies regularly far into June, but all the specimens 

 belong to a single brood, whilst Gillmer is as emphatic as ourselves as to 

 the single-broodedness of this species in Germany, and the general records 

 support him ; thus, in East and West Prussia, Schmidt observes that the 

 species occurs from about April 23rd to June 4th, being particularly 

 abundant from the commencement of May until early June ; Hering, 

 gives April and May, for Pomerania; singlebrooded, occurring from April 

 to June in Mecklenberg [Stange reared the species from larvae found 

 in June, but no imagines appeared till the following spring] (Gillmer) ; 

 April to June at Eutin (Dahl), May and June in Liibeck and the 

 Schleswig-Holstein district (Boie, Zimmermann, and Laplace), April 

 and May in Hanover (Glitz and Rehberg), April to June in the Rhine 

 Provinces (Weymer, Stollwerck), end of April to mid- June in 

 Waldeck and Hesse (Speyer, Fuchs, &c), from April to June in 

 Thuringia (Krieghoff), also from April to the end of June, single- 

 brooded only, in Anhalt and Brunswick (Gillmer) ; April to June in 

 Brandenburg (Kretschmer), May and June in Posen (Schultz), end of 



