CALLOPHRYS RUBI. 125 



on Haresfield Hill, in 1893, whilst the partiality of the species for resting 

 on juniper-bushes here is most marked. In Connemara, Birchall notes 

 its preference for resting on furze-bushes, and says that, on dull days, it 

 may be taken resting thereon in hundreds. Jones writes that, at Lugano, 

 in 1887, it preferred to rest on the leaves of young chestnut-trees. Spiller 

 observes that, at Chinnor, about mid-May, 1890, it appeared in great 

 numbers, frequenting the whitethorn bloom, or fluttering in merry groups 

 in the beech glades. Lee records that he observed it near Cambridge, 

 flying abundantly over Bubus caesius, and Mathew notes that he has 

 seen the ? s laying their eggs on the young flower-buds of bramble, etc., 

 from the middle of May to the middle of June. Lambillion observes 

 that, in Belgium, the imagines usually choose a resting-place that is 

 green, where they are well hidden, e.g., the stems of the broom, the 

 leaves of bushes, and even those of trees. He adds that, on one occa- 

 sion, near Versailles, where this species is very common, shaking the 

 young limes, on which they rested, resulted in dislodging dozens, 

 which hastened to settle on the green silk of the butterfly-net. 

 Cockayne notes that several specimens were observed in May, 1905, 

 on the bare and rocky top of the hill at Rannoch, where the bear- 

 berry grows, hanging over the rocks in long trailing masses ; they 

 rested on the blossoms of the bearberry, whilst, in the Black 

 Wood itself they were in abundance, settling on the clumps of 

 whortleberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea). Hudd says that it is some- 

 times common in Gloucester and Somerset at blossoms of bramble, 

 nettle, wild medlar, etc. In the Pyrenees, it loves to rest on the green 

 shoots of the bushes of bramble, broom, etc. (Rondou),and, intheVosges 

 district, it prefers to rest on bushes in blossom (Cantener). The habits 

 of this species are evidently similar over all its area of distribution. In 

 Germany, Boie notes that, in Holstein, it prefers to rest upon the leaves of 

 trees, whilst Tessmann observes that it loves to settle on pines, but, in the 

 Wisloer Moss, shows a partiality for settling on flowers of Cardamine. 

 Near Oberursel, Fuchs says that it particularly loves to rest on birch leaves, 

 and is sometimes very abundant on the willow-catkins on the outskirts 

 of woods. Glaser notes that it is common in Waldeck, preferring to 

 settle on young pines, on the needles of which it walks about with its 

 wings closed over its back. Schultz says that, in Posen, it loves to sit 

 on the young pine shoots, where it is difficult to see, owing to the 

 similarity of its green coloration, whilst Kranz notes that, at Munich, 

 young birches and pines are selected on which to rest. In Upper 

 Lusatia, it haunts more especially raspberry and bramble bushes; whilst 

 Gillmer says that, near Niirnburg, he observed the imagines resting on 

 the yet unopened flower-buds of Thymus serpyllum. In Chitral, in India, 

 too, it loves the flowers, for Evans' examples were taken at the end of 

 April in the Kesu Nallah, at 6000 feet elevation, frequenting a little 

 bush with small red flowers. Barrett says (Ent. Mo. Mag., vi., p. 37) 

 that " the imagines emerge about 9 a.m., and, when just out, before 

 the wings spread, show no trace of the lively green colour of the 

 underside, that part being golden-brown like the upperside ; as the 

 wings expand, the green appears; probably this arises from the green 

 scales being all edged with brown, and, in the unexpanded state, the 

 edges alone being visible ; a fact which will account for the golden- 

 brown shade being visible over the green in some positions." Chapman 

 observes (Ent. Bee, xviii., pp. 168-9) that, at Hyeres, he noticed that 



