144 



BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



rest, the two hinder pairs of legs only are used. On the other hand, 

 when walking on a perpendicular surface, all six legs are generally used. 

 The butterflies are of an active and pugnacious disposition, the $ s much 

 more so than the $ s, which are- usually rather retired in their habits, 

 and would, were it not for the often fatal attraction of flowers, rarely 

 be captured. The latter habit, however, brings them into nearly as 

 prominent notice as the more assertive and fearless $ s. Scudder states 

 (op. cit., p. 897) that the $ edwardsii is quite equal to darting after 

 and attacking a passing grasshopper. 



Genus : Edwardsia, n. gen. 



Synonymy. — Genus : Edwardsia, n. gen. [Papilio-Plebeius-] Ruralis, 



Knoch, "Beitr.," ii., p. 85, pi. vi., figs. 1-2 (1782); Lang, " Verz.," i., p. 46 

 (1789); Brahm, "Ins. Kal.," i., p. 372 (1791); Herbst, "Nat. Syst.," xi., p. 103, 

 pi. 308, fig. 12 (1804); Haw., " Lep. Brit.," p. 38 (1803). Papilio, Bork., "Besch. 

 Schmett.," ii., p. 216 (1789); "Bhein. Mag.," i., p. 296 (1793); Lewin, "Ins. Gt. 

 Brit.," p. 92, pi. xliv., figs. 1-2 (1795); Hiibn., "Eur. Schmett.," i., p. 58 (circ. 

 1805); pi. lxxv., figs. 380-1 (1799); Ochs., "Die Schmett.," i., pt. 2, p. 109 (1808). 

 Thecla. Oken, "Lehrb.," ii., p. 722 (1815); Stphs., " Illus. Brit. Ent.," 

 i., p. 77 (1828); "Ins. Cat.," 1st ed., p. 20 (1829); Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," 

 ii., p. 52 (1830); Bdv., "Icon. Chen.," L, pi. i., figs. 1-5 (1832); Wood, 

 "Ind. Ent.," p. 7, pi. iii., fig. 11 (1839); Bdv., "Gen. et Ind. Meth.," L, 

 p. 8 (1840); Zett., "Ins. Lapp.," p. 909 (1840); Humph, and Westd., 

 " Brit. Butts.," i., p. 88 (1841); H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," i., p. 135 (1844); Dup., 

 " Cat. Meth.," p. 28 (1845); Stphs., " List,'" 2nd ed., p. 17 (1850); Westd. and 

 Hewits., " Diurn. Lep.," ii., p. 487 (1852); Led., " Ver. zool-bot. Gesell.," i., 

 p. 18 (1852); Wallgrn., " Skand Dagf.," i., p. 187 (1853); Stphs., "List," p. 15 

 (1856); Sta., "Man.," L, p. 53 (1857); Speyer, " Geog. Verb. Schmett.," i., 

 p. 263 (1858); Dbldy., " List," 2nd ed., p. 2 (1859); Hein. and Wocke, " Schmett. 

 Deutsch.," pp. 92-93 (1859); Staud., " Cat.," 1st ed., p. 3 (1861); Kirby, "Eur. 

 Butts.," i., p. 85 (1862); Snell., " De Vlind.," L, p. 65 footnote (1867); Nolck., 

 "Lep. Fn. Estl.," p. 50 (1868); Newm., " Brit. Butts.," p. 108 (1869); Kirby, 

 " Syn. Cat.," p. 397 (1871); Staud., " Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 7 (1871); Curo, " Bull. 

 Soc. Ent. Ital.," v.-vi., p. 106 (1874); Kirby, " Eur. Butts.," i., p. 59 (1879); Frey, 

 " Lep. Schweiz," p. 10 (1880); Lang, "Eur. Butts.," p. 77, pi. xvii., fig. 3 (1884); 

 Buckl., "Larvae," etc., i., pi. xiii., fig. 1 (1885); Kane, " Eur. Butts.," p. 22 

 (1885); Auriv., " Nord Fjar.," i., p. 8 (1S88-91); Dale, " Hist. Brit. Butts.," p. 41 

 (1890); Barr., "Lep. Brit. Isles," i., p. 45, pi. viii., figs. 1-lc (1893); Leech, 

 "Butts. China," ii., p. 358 (1894); Riihl, "Pal. Gross-Schmett.," pp. 181, 734 

 (1895); Meyr., "Handbook," etc., p. 343 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 206, 

 pi. ii., figs. 1-2 (1896); "Ent. Kec," vii., p. 300 (1896); Kirby, "Handbook," etc., 

 p. 51 (1896); Grote, "Lep. Hildes ," p. 41 (1897); Reut., "Ent. Rec," x., p. 97 

 (1898); Staud. and Eeb., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 69 (1901); Lamb., "Pap. Belg.," 

 p. 187 (1902); Wheeler, "Butts. Switz.," p 48 (1903); South, "Butts. Br. Isles." 

 p. 144, pi. 94 (1906). [Zephyrus-j Aurotis, Dalm., " Vet. Ac. Hand.," i., p. 91 

 (1816). Lycaena, Ochs., "Die Schmett.," iv., p. 28 (1816). Strymon, Hb., 

 "Verz.," p. 74 (1816-18); Stphs., "Illus. Brit. Ent. Haust.," iv., app. p. 404 

 (1835); Butl., "Cat. Diurn. Lep.," L, p. 192 (1869); Dale, "Brit. Butts.," p. 41 

 (1890). Polyommatus, Latr., " Enc. Meth.," ix., p. 648 (1819); Bdv., "Eur. 

 Lep. Cat.," p. 10 (1829); God., " Hist. Nat.," i., p. 188, pi. ix., fig- 3, ix tert., 

 fig. 2 (1821). 



Having already shown (antra, vol. viii., p. 314) that Scudder and 

 other authors had not followed the historical restriction in naming 

 the type of their genus Strymon, and having further (Ent. Bee, xviii., 

 p. 181) made pruni the type of the latter genus, it becomes necessary 

 to find a new name for the group, of which w-album, Knoch, and 

 patriu.s, Leech, are characteristic species, and restrict that of Strymon 

 to the group, of which pruni, Linn., vwra, Jans. (=stygianus, Butl.), 

 etc., are well-known forms. For this purpose we have suggested 



