EDWARDSIA W- ALBUM. 145 



(antea, p. 142) Edwardsia for the name of this genus, and proposed 

 w -alb um as the type. 



Not only is there a great difference in the egg as exhibited in 

 w- album and pruni (pi. ii., figs. 3-4), but the pupa of pruni, 

 with its remarkable bosses, is quite different in structure from the 

 smooth one of w-album, a difference noted by Freyer three-quarters of 

 a century ago. In order to accentuate these differences, and to make 

 the characters as definite as possible, we have sought the aid of 

 Bethune-Baker, who has kindly given us the following detailed 

 imaginal diagnosis : 



Head largish, hairy, vertex with a short tuft of hairs between the antennae. 

 Frons broad, thickly hairy with short hairs ; palpi porrect, barely as long as the 

 frons, scaled, second segment shortly fringed with fine hairs below, end segment of 

 moderate length. Eyes large, very hairy. Antennas from sockets fixed well back 

 on the vertex, and as far apart as possible, longer than half the wing, tapering into 

 a moderately long club. Collar with a broad, projecting tuft of longish hairs. 

 Patagia ample and spreading, tapering rapidly. Legs scaled throughout, with 

 femora hairy ; fore-legs of J 1 imperfect ; tarsi not aborted into a single hook, but 

 developed to apparently within a stage of clasping use. Wings : primaries broad, 

 costa rapidly arched at base, then straighter, very slightly and shortly depressed at 

 apex; termenvery slightly arched, secondaries rather small, costa highly arched at 

 base, then falling off gently to vein 6 on the termen, termen evenly rounded to the 

 angle, highly scalloped between veins 2 and 3 in front of the tail. Sex-mark of S 

 at the upper end of the cell, small but prominent, composed of smaller and finer 

 scales than the ordinary wing-scales, very closely appressed on to each other, 

 entirely colourless beyond their own dead neutral tint. Neuration : primaries with 

 vein 2 from just beyond the middle of the cell, 3 from directly in front of the angle, 

 4 from the angle, 5 from above the middle of the discocellulars, 6 from the upper 

 angle, 7 from well in front of the angle, with its base slightly appressed towards the cell, 

 this portion being also slightly thickened (presumably on account of the androconia 

 of the upper surface), 8 and 9 absent, 10 from about a quarter before the angle, 11 

 from just beyond the middle of the cell. Secondaries with two internal veins, vein 

 2 from the middle of the cell, 3 from directly before the angle, 4 from the angle, 5 

 from below the middle of the discocellulars, 6 from the upper angle, 7 from a third before 

 the angle, 8 very highly arched, almost from the base, towards the costa, then evenly 

 curved. Genitalia : clasps subtriangular, the apex extended into a long finger-like 

 extremity ; tegumen narrow at vertex, rapidly expanding laterally into ample side 

 covers, with girdle short and narrow ; falces moderately strong, sharply curved at 

 a third from the sockets, then evenly arched to the tip, tips rapidly tapering at a 

 quarter. Penis sheath long, with trumpet-shaped orifice, which is provided with 

 terminal teeth. 



The group included [antea, p. 142) in Felderia is very close to 

 Edwardsia, and the details of the life-histories of these species must 

 be worked out to show their proper relationship. 



Edwardsia w-album, Knoch. 



Synonymy. — Species: W-album, Knoch, "Beitr.," p. 85, pi. vi., figs. 1-2 

 (1782) ; Brahm, " Ins. Kal.," L, p. 372 (1791) ; Bork., " Bhein. Mag.," i., p. 296 

 (1793); Hb., "Eur. Schmett.," p. 58 (circ. 1805); pi. lxxv., figs. 380-381 (1799) ; 

 111., "111. Mag.," iii., p. 206 (1803) ; Herbst, "Nat. Syst.," xi., p. 103, pi. 308, 

 fig. 12 (1804) ; Ochs., "Die Schmett.," i., pt. 2, p. 109 (1808) ; Oken, " Lehrb.," 

 ii., p. 722 (1815); Dalm., "Vet. Ak. Handl.," i., p. 91 (1816); Ochs., "Die 

 Schmett.," iv., p. 28 (1816) ; Hb., " Verz.," p. 74 (circ. 1816) ; Godt. and Latr., 

 " Enc. Meth.," ix., p. 648 (1819) ; Godt., " Hist. Nat.," i., p. 188, pi. ix., fig. 3, 

 ixtert., fig. 2 (1821); Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Cat.," p. 10 (1829); Stphs., "Ins. Cat.," 

 1st ed., p. 20 (1829); Meig,, "Eur. Schmett.," ii., p. 52 (1830); Bdv., "Icon. 

 Chen.," pi. i., figs. 1-6 (1832) ; Wood, " Ind. Ent.," p. 7, pi. iii., fig. 11 (1839) ; 

 Bdv., " Gen. et Ind. Meth.," L, p. 8 (1840) ; Zett., " Ins. Lapp.," p. 909 (1840); 

 Humph, and Westd., "Brit. Butts.," i., p. 88 (1841) ; H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," 

 i., p. 136 (1843); Evers., "Faun. Volg.-Ural.," p. 67 (1844); Dup., "Cat. Meth.," 



