EDWARDSIA W-ALBUM. 147 



which is lost in the ground colour towards the front angle. It is 

 bordered below by the black spots, and above by a similar line, which 

 is separated by a slender white streak from the ground colour. Both 

 run at equal distances from the band. Four white stripes, three of 

 which are edged above with a very fine black border, form a large 

 Latin W. The first on the left (and the last on the right) wing, if 

 the butterfly is held upside down, run quite straight up to the middle 

 of the costa. The outer stripes on the opposing sides terminate in the 

 middle of the hind margin. The legs are white, with scattered spots 

 and dots, aod the joints of the tarsi are ringed with white. Although 

 this butterfly bears much resemblance to Papilio pruni, L., and to the 

 male of P. ilicis, Esp., it is obvious at a glance that it cannot belong 

 to the former species. It is more nearly allied to the latter, but is 

 also essentially different, in that the tail is double and much longer. 

 The head is black in this, but brown in the other, species. There is 

 no black on the thorax, abdomen, or upperside of the wings in P. ilicis. 

 P. ilicis has an orange spot at the anal angle of the hindwings, 

 whereas this species has a scarcely perceptible dot. The underside of 

 the wings is also much paler, and the white stripe of the forewings is 

 very strongly interrupted ; it is placed much lower down, and does not 

 extend either to the costa or to the lower margin. But the underside 

 of the hindwings differs most, for the extreme edge of the hind 

 margin is not white, but pale brownish ; the black triangular spots 

 are quite absent ; instead of the transverse orange band there are six 

 pointed spots of similar, but much paler, colour. The white almost 

 zigzag stripe above is altogether unlike a Latin W. Papilio ilicis is 

 not rare in this locality, but our white W has not yet been found here, 

 and comes from the neighbourhood of Leipzig (Knoch). 



Imago.— 29mm. -34mm. All the wings deep brownish-black, the 

 nervures black, the fringes grey, except at anal angle of hindwings, 

 where they are white, edged with black, as far as the upper, ill-defined, 

 caudal appendage ; the hindwings with two small caudal appendages; 

 the lower small, black, with white point, the upper, ill-developed, indi- 

 cated by a few black and white scales ; a small orange-red spot at anal 

 angle, edged by black fringes at the extremity of anal angle, and with 

 white along the inner margin ; the forewings with an oval, grey, andro- 

 conial patch at apex of discal cell. The underside brown-grey ; a 

 conspicuous, white, transverse line across forewings, broken by 

 nervures, tending to obsolescence towards inner margin, being curved 

 considerably inward before continuing down to margin ; on the hind- 

 wings is the characteristic white W ; a marginal orange band made 

 up of united lunules, edged internally with black, the black also finely 

 edged in its turn with white, the latter continued as a slender white 

 streak edging the lower part of inner margin ; a slender white 

 marginal edge inside the fringes, between which and the lunules, and 

 filling in the hollows of the latter towards the anal angle, is a black 

 line, ending in a black spot edged superiorly with white. 



Sexual dimorphism. — The $ s appear to be on the whole rather larger 

 than the $ s, although there are many $■ s larger than the smaller 2 s ; 

 they also appear to be rather less black in colour ; the orange-red spot 

 at the anal angle of the hindwings is usually more brightly marked, the 

 lower caudal appendage better developed, and the upper caudal 

 appendage rather more marked in the ? s than in the $ s. On the 



