EDWARDSIA W- ALBUM. 171 



Pupa. — Length 9mm. Of the same form as that of Rumieia phlaeas 

 and many other Euralids (Lycaenids) ; flat ventrally ; dorsum rounded 

 in two portions — the longer, wider, and higher eminence formed by the 

 abdomen, the lower by the thorax. Width of thorax 3 -5mm., abdomen 

 4mm. ; height of thorax 3-8mm., abdomen 3 # 9mm., nearly identical. 

 Colour brown, deeper on wings, and in a broad dorsal line down abdomen, 

 which has, on either side, a paler line (the yellow of larval ridges) ; 

 subdorsally, almost laterally, is also some dark marbling, almost 

 amounting to a band on thorax. More minutely examined, the paler 

 brown has everywhere amongst it numerous fine dark dots and spots. 

 The darkness of the wings is due to these darker marks coalescing and 

 leaving only dots and spots of the ground colour. The appendages 

 are similarly marked. The glazed eye is pale, the included space dark, 

 as well as patches on face, antennae, maxillae, and legs. Ventrally, 

 appendages reach down to 7mm. from front (2mm. from posterior end). 

 The first legs extend broadly some way down antennae ; the second legs 

 follow them, and extend down to 5mm. from front; just beyond them, 

 as if guided inwards by their outer margins, the antennae pass over the 

 maxillae and meet in the middle line, extending side by side for the 

 further 2mm. to end of wings. The whole pupa is covered on the 

 exposed surface by numerous (hardly, perhaps, crowded) red-brown 

 hairs, about 0'3rnm.-0-35mm. in length. These hairs are spiculated, 

 and arise from the larger of two sets of raised dark points on the 

 surface, the smaller of which are connected together by a raised 

 dark tracing of network. The appendages have no hairs, but have a 

 minute tracing of raised dark ridges with depressions in the spaces. 

 These papal hairs (plate iii., fig. 1) are a fairly ordinary form 

 of spiculate hairs, yet their close relationship with the trumpet- 

 hairs of Bithys quercus (pi. iii., fig. 2) is obvious, so that we can- 

 not help concluding, from the intermediate forms offered in that 

 species, that the trumpet-hairs are modifications of ordinary spiculate 

 hairs. As just noted, the hairs are 03mm. to 035mm. long, 

 are spiculate for their whole length, and end in a sharp point. We 

 may, perhaps, fancy that there is just a tendency to the trumpet 

 development, in the fact that many of the hairs are thicker at some 

 distance from their extremities than near their bases. The abundance 

 of lenticles round the spiracles is well- shown in the plate, and, the 

 area being larger than in that of B. quercus, there are also included 

 some of the stellate points with their appended ribs, enough to 

 illustrate, what is obvious on an examination of larger areas of the 

 pupal-skin, that these points are often connected together by their ribs, 

 but that they always avoid any association with hairs or lenticles ; this 

 we found also to be the case in the other pupae so far illustrated iantea vol. 

 viii). Inthepupaof E.w-album the lenticles are freely distributed over the 

 whole surface (except appendages), and the stellate points and ribs are 

 correspondingly curtailed, differing, therefore, from B. quercus, in 

 which lenticles are abundant only near the spiracles. The 9th and 

 10th abdominal segments are difficult to distinguish ventrally owino- to 

 the silk entangled in the cremaster (there seems to be also a sort of loose 

 cocoon), but a circular area of about, or just over, 1mm. in diameter, 

 has, against the 8th abdominal, a smooth area with several nodules, 

 the genital area, and round this it is rough and darker, with especially very 

 short (0-07mm.-O08mm. long), thick hairs with dark bent ends, hardly 



