EDWAEDSIA W-ALBUM. 173 



surface of the body. The colour of the dorsal, or hairy, area is reddish- 

 brown, with a rather broad mediodorsal stripe, commencing behind 

 the thorax and extending to the anal segment ; on each side of the 

 dorsal surface of each segment is an oblique whitish mark ; these 

 frequently appear to be united to a narrow whitish margin of the dark 

 mediodorsal stripe, but such white markings are by no means constant 

 or distinct. The colour of the ventral or smooth portion of the pupa 

 is olive-green at first, but gradually becomes darker and almost black 

 (Newman). 



Time of appeaeance. — In Kent, the average time of appearance of 

 this species is the first week in July, occasionally occurring, however, in 

 early seasons during the last week of June, and, in late seasons, not until 

 the third week of July. It results, therefore, that in early seasons the 

 species is quite over by mid- July, whilst in late seasons it is to be 

 found until mid-August. Eaynor also notes (in litt.) that the first 

 week in July is the average time for its first appearance in Essex. 

 These times appear to be almost the same for central Europe — 

 Germany, Belgium, France, Switzerland, North Italy, and Russia — the 

 records showing some little difference, however, for increased altitude, 

 e.g., it was fully out in Fontainebleau Forest during the last week of 

 June, 1897, whilst worn specimens were found at some 5500ft. 

 elevation between Alios and the Lac d' Alios, on August 11th, 1906, 

 and yet Milliere gives May and June as the ordinary time of appear- 

 ance for the Alpes-Maritimes ; similarly, whilst May and early June 

 are noted for Florence, in Italy (Verity), July 24th-August 6th, 1892, 

 is given for the Certosa di Pesio district (Norris), and, whilst May and 

 June are given for Geneva (Blachier), and the last fortnight of June 

 and July is usually given for lowlying parts of the Valais [as early as 

 May 30th, 1874, along the Sepey Road (A. H. Jones)] , August 2nd- 

 5th, 1885, is recorded for the Vallee des Ormonts (A. H. Jones), and 

 August 8th-9th, 1901, between Hergiswyl and the summit of Pilatus 

 (Keynes). In Corfu, it appears towards the end of May (de la Garde), 

 throughout June, in Hungary (Nicholson) ; whilst in Bulgaria it was 

 observed from June 8th, in the Narenta Valley, to July 25th, 1898, on 

 the Igman, near Illidze (Nicholl). In Greece, it occurs at the end of 

 June (Staudinger). In Transcaucasia, it occurs in June and July 

 (Romanoff), whilst, for the Casan district, and Wiatka govt., July is 

 recorded (Kroulikowsky) ; the end of June at Segewold, although 

 usually July 10th onwards in the Baltic Provinces (Nolcken). 

 It is noted as occurring in June and July in Scandinavia, by 

 Wallengren, but Siebke gives " July and early August." In 

 Germany, June is given for Hanover (Glitz), and Nassau (Rossler) ; 

 June for Pomerania (Paul and Plotz), but July (Hering) ; June 

 and July for Thuringia (Krieghoff), the Province of Saxony (Stange), 

 Brandenburg (Pfiitzner), Silesia (Wocke), the Kingdom of Saxony 

 (Winckler), Bavaria (Schmid and Gillmer), and the Lower Elbe district 

 (Zimmermann) ; July and early August in East and West Prussia 

 (Speiser) ; between July 8th-20th, near Danzig (Schmidt) ; from the end of 

 June to August (11th), at Schwerin (Gillmer); mid- June to mid- August, 

 in Baden (Meess and Spuler). Kaltenbach says that he captured a 

 specimen, near Assmannshausen, as late as September. In France, it 

 is noted as occurring in May and June at La Verrerie (Milliere), in 

 early June at Nice (Bromilow), both in the Alpes-Maritimes, yet we 



