STRYMON. 193 



Pap. II., Gens. A. e, figs, la-b (cire. 1800); 111., " Schmett. Wien.," 2nd ed., 

 p. 279 (1801); Latr., " Hist. Nat.," iii., p. 398 (1802); Herbst, "Nat. Syst.," xi., 

 p. 88, pi. 307, figs. 4-5 (1804) ; Ochs., "Die Schmett.," L, pt. 2, p. 111(1808); 

 Freyer, " Neu. Beitr.," vi., p. 89, pi. 535, figs. 1-3 (1836). [Papilio-] Ruralis, 

 Poda, " Mus. Graec," p. 76 (1761); de Vill., " Car. Linn. Ent. Fn. Suec," p. 62 

 (1789). [Papilio-Plebeius-] Ruralis, Linne, " Syst. Nat.," xiith ed., p. 788 

 (1767) ; Fab., " Sys. Ent.," p. 521 (1775) ; Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," p. 353 (1779), pi. 

 xxxix. (supp.xv.),fig. la (1777); Goeze, "Ent. Beit.," p. 7(1780); Bergs., "Nomen.," 

 p. 57, pi. xxxvi., figs. 5-9 (1780); Fab., "Spec. Ins.," pt. 2, p. 118 (1781); 

 "Mant. Ins.," p. 68 (1787); Brahm, "Ins. Kal.," p. 234 (1791); Schwarz, 

 "Baup.-Kal.," p. 177 (1791) ; Haw., "Lep. Brit.," p. 38 (1803). [Plebeius-] 

 Ruralis, Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," p. 259, pi. xix., fig. 3 cum larv. et pup. (1777). 

 [Hesperia-] Ruralis, Fab., "Ent. Sys." iii., pt. i., p. 277 (1793). Cupido, 

 Schrk., "Faun.Boica,"pt. 2, p. 219(1801); [Latr., "Hist. Nat.," iii., p. 398 (i 802)] . 

 Polyommatus, Latr., "Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins.," xiv., p. 117 (1805); "Eric. 

 Meth.," ix., p. 647 (1819); Godt., "Hist. Nat.," i., p. 184, pi. ix., fig. 2 (1821); 

 Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Cat.," p. 10 (1829); Dup., "Cat. Meth.," p. 29 (1845). Thecla, 

 Leach, " Edinb. Encycl.," ix., pt. 1, p. 129 (1815); Oken, "Lehrb.," etc., ii., 

 p. 722 (1815); Sam., "Ent. Comp.," p. 241 (1819) ; Curt., "Brit. Ent.," v., fo. 

 and pi. 264 (1829); Wood, " Ind. Ent.," p. 7, pi. ii., 51a; pi. iii., fig. 10 

 (1839); Bdv., "Gen. et Ind. Meth.," i., p. 8 (1840); Humph, and Westd., 

 "Brit.- Butts.," i., p. 87 (1841); H.-Sch., "Sys. Bearb.," i., p. 136 (1843); 

 Westd. and Hewits., " Diurn. Lep.," ii., p. 487 (1852); Led., " Verh. zool.- 

 bot. Gesell.," p. 19 (1852); Wallgrn., " Skand. Dagfalter," i., p. 188 (1853); 

 Sta., "Man.," i., p. 52 (1857); Speyer, "Geog. Verb. Schmett.," i., p. 262 

 (1858); Hein., "Schmett. Deutsch.," p. 93 (1859); Dblcly., " Syn. List," 

 2nd ed., p. 2 (1859) ; Curtis, " Gen. Brit. Lep.," pi. hi., fig. 11 (1858) ; Staud., 

 " Cat.," 1st ed., p. 3 (1861) ; Kirby, " Eur. Butts.," i., p. 86 (1862) ; Snell., " De 

 Vlind.," p. 66 (18H7); Nolck., " Lep. Fn. Estl.," ii., p. 51 (1868); Newm., " Brit. 

 Butts.," p. 110 (1869) ; Kirby, " Syn. Cat.," i., p. 397 (1871) ; Staud., "Cat.," 

 2nded., p. 7 (1871); Curo, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vi., p. 107 (1874) ; Kirby, 

 "Eur. Butts.," i., p. 59, pi. xv., fig. 3 (1879) ; Frey, "Lep. Schw.," i., p. 10 

 (1880); Lang, "Butts. Eur.," p. 80, pi. xviii., fig. 1 (1884); Buckl., "Larvae," 

 etc., pi. xii., fig. 5 (1885); Kane, "Eur. Butts.," p. 23, pi. ii., fig. 7 (1885); 

 Auriv., "Nord. Fjar.," i., p. 8, pi. vii., fig. 4 (1888-91); Barr.," Lep. Brit. 

 Isles," i., p. 48, pi. viii., figs. 2-2b (1893); Leech, "Butts. China," ii., p. 361 

 (1894); Riihl, "Pal. Gross- Schmett.," p. 183 (1895); Meyr., " Handbook," etc., 

 p. 543 (1895); Tutt, "Brit. Butts.," p. 208, pi. i., figs. 13-14 (1896); Kirby, 

 "Handbook," p. 53, pi. xli., figs. 1-2 (1896) ; Tutt, " Ent. Bee," ix., pp. 73-76 

 (1897); Beuter, "Ent. Bee," x.. p. 97 (1898); Staud., "Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 69 (1901); 

 Lamb., "Pap. Belg.," p. 192 (1902); Wheeler, "Butts. Switz.," p. 50 (1903); 

 South, "Butts. Brit. Isles," p. 143, pi. xciv., figs. 4-7 (1906). [Zephyrus-] Aurotis r 

 Dalm., " Sv. Vet. Acad. Handl.," i., p. 91 (1816). Lycaena, Ochs., "Die 

 Schmett.," iv., p. 28 (1816); Evers., "Faun. Volg.-Ural.," p. 67 (1844). 

 [Thecla-] Strymon, Dale, " Hist. Brit. Butts.," p. 41 (1890). 



The heterotypical genus Strymon, of Hiibner, was first created 

 (Verz., p. 74) for rather more than the whole Strymonid group. 

 He diagnosed the coitus as — 



The wings brown ; beneath, at least, the hindwings spotted with rust-colour, 

 and marked with interrupted white lines — Strymon mopsus, Hiibn., Zutr., 135, 136. 

 S. prani, Linn., Syst. Pap., 22; Hiibn., Pap., 386, 387. S. betulae, Linn., Syst. 

 Pap., 220 ; Hb., Pap., 383-4. S. w-album, Knoch, Beytr., ii., Pap. no. 1; Hb., 

 Pap., 380-1. S. esculi, Hb., Pap., 559-560, 690-1. ,S*. ilicis, Esp., Pap., 39, 16; 

 Hb., Pap., 378-9. S. acaciae, Fab., Mant. P«p., 655; Hb., Pap., 743-6. S. 

 melii'us, Hb., Zutr., 121-2. S. lynceus, Fab., Ent. Hcsp., 73; Hb., Pap., 692-3. 

 S. spini, SchirT., Verz., Pap. O, 5 ; Hb., Pap., 376-7. S. beon, Cram., 319 B, C 

 (Hb., Bust. Arm. Poeas.). S. pan, Drur., ii., 23, 4 (pann, Fab., Ent. Hesp., 67). 

 S. mars, Fab., Spec. Pap., 501 (acis. Cram., 175, C, D). 



It will be seen that this group is hopelessly heterotypical, and a restric- 

 tion was first made, in 1835, by Stephens (lllus. Brit. Ent. Haust.,iv., app. 

 p. 404), when he placed in Strymon the British species — pruni, betnlae, 

 w-album, and ? spini. In 1850 {List, pp. 16-17), be eliminated spini, by 

 that time known not to be a British species, and, in 1856, retained 



