204 



BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



the flange set (of four) of the abdomen. Quite above and in front of 

 these is another pair that can hardly belong to the flange set, and a 

 little way above these is another. The 9th and 10th abdominal 

 segments are quite fused together and have, on either side, seven or 

 eight hairs, apparently of the flange series, but much longer and 

 stronger (about 0-22mm.). There appears to be an anal plate, whose 

 hairs, if any, are not made out, the posterior margin of the anal flap 

 carries a fringe of large, sharp, skin -points. The prolegs (as in other 

 Theclid larvae) have an anterior and a posterior pad, each with two 

 hooklets and a process between them, capable of being protruded as a 

 transparent extension, widened to the end and terminating in a square 

 extremity. The prothorax seems very large, and, when the "neck" 

 is extended, is nearly a third of the length of the larva. The small 

 setae in front of, and external to, i, that exist in other Theclid larvae (as 

 E. w-album) are not detected, and seem to be absent. The true legs 

 are black. The head black, polished, and apparently without any 

 hairs, the jaws brown, the other mouthparts white (colourless). 

 The general surface deep purple-brown, pale beneath (Chapman). 

 First instar (later) : 2mm. long, about - 45mm. thick. On side view 

 the head is black, about 0-2mm. wide. Prothorax nearly as long as 

 meso- and metathorax together, and these are longer (wider) than any 

 other segments. Colour a deep reddish-brown. The meso- and meta- 

 thoracic, and the first seven abdominal segments, carry i and ii almost 

 identically ; i and ii are close together, but there is a great width 

 dorsally between those of either side ; on the mesothorax the two 

 tubercles are a little further from the middle line, and on the 7th 

 abdominal segment i seems to be absent. Neither are discoverable on 

 the prothorax or 8th abdominal segment. Each tubercle has a 

 chitinous, basal, tapered barrel (like a tailor's thimble), i about middle 

 of segment, ii touching i, but separate, and obliquely outwards and 

 backwards from it. These " thimbles " are, in diameter, quite the 

 fourth part of the width of a segment. From i proceeds a thick, white 

 (or colourless), spiculated hair, curved, so that, starting rather 

 forwards, it is soon upright, and, at its tip, points about 30° behind the 

 vertical ; they are of equal length (0'3mm.), and (seen from the front) 

 are all in one plane ; tubercles ii afford hairs as thick as those on i , similarly 

 colourless and spiculated, rather more than half the length of i ; they 

 start at an angle of about 45°, and, being curved, their ends point 

 almost directly backwards ; that on the 7th abdominal is rather larger 

 than the others, and, at first view, was taken for i, and not for ii. 

 These hairs, like i, lie in a plane, as seen from the front. Very 

 conspicuous on the sides of the segments are the spiracles, as brilliant 

 white spots ; magnified, they are slender black circles, with silvery- 

 white discs ; the prothoracic one is rather low. Those on the 7th 

 and 8th abdominals are higher up than the others, the 7th very large, 

 -f diameter of those in front ; the 8th intermediate. As viewed from 

 the side, there is, on the lst-6th abdominal segments, half-way 

 between i and ii and the spiracles, a pair of black circles (not 

 thimbles) of about the size of i and ii, and similarly placed obliquely. 

 These would appear to be lenticles. They are repeated on the 

 7th abdominal segment, but are smaller and some distance apart ; 

 they are represented on the 3rd thoracic by a very large one, and a 

 very minute one in front and above it. The latter would appear to 



