212 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



many respects, to a Lycaenid, that one cannot help speculating as to 

 possible relationship.] 9p.m. : Colouring as in specimen described infra, 

 but red of humps brighter; already the abdomen is darkening; no 

 black on front of mesothorax. 9.8 p.m. : Waist formed, but meso- 

 thorax still rounded ; a dark shade in lateral hollow of this segment ; 

 other humps and hollows, spiracles, etc., mature. The median, narrow, 

 sutural red line on thorax ending abruptly, and succeeded on abdomen 

 by the two (dorsal ridges) red lines, nearly l'Omm. apart, is striking. 

 The 2nd abdominal rolled over girth during moult, else the present 

 appearances would compel one to imagine that there was some growth 

 from behind which the girth hindered from passing forward, hence the 

 great rise of the abdominal segments, the rolling over of the front of 

 the 2nd abdominal segment, the comparative meagreness of the 1st ab- 

 dominal segment and metathorax, and, indeed, of thorax compared with 

 abdomen, is noticeable. 9.40 p.m. : Thorax and wings green ; white 

 patches, well marked, but still look as if overlying green ; abdomen dark 

 olive ; red marks still distinct, white ones obscure ; the narrow black mark 

 over lost girth distinct on 2nd abdominal segment ; the mesothorax still 

 rounded, as noted at 9.8p.m. This specimen probably means to have it 

 less pointed than usual. 9.50 p.m. : Abdomen decidedly darker, but still 

 olive; thorax and wings quite green. 10.15 p.m. : Dark areas are now 

 very dark, and, at a casual glance, the pupa appears of mature tint, but 

 really, the dark areas look soft, instead of hard and solid, as in the 

 mature pupa, and have still a decided green underlying them. 

 10.30 p.m. : There is still a greenish tone, especially over thorax. 

 12.0 p.m.: Looks quite mature (Chapman). 



Maturation of pupa. — A pupa of S. pruni, that had just com- 

 pleted the actual moult, was observed at 4.30 p.m., on June 3rd, 

 1907. Immediately after moult, it still has the larval out- 

 line and also the larval colouring. It moves the last segment 

 about freely till it has got it well away from the larval skin and 

 pushed this somewhat off. The chief object of the movement seems, 

 however, to be to get the anal extremity well tucked underneath, so 

 that, at the end of ten minutes, the pupa has assumed very much its 

 mature outline, with the central line of the dorsum of the last seg- 

 ments, which at first sloped backwards, now vertical to the surface of 

 attachment ; the front of the metathorax already sunk into a waist, 

 and the 1st and 2nd abdominal segments behind it rising precipitately. 

 Until this time the pupa has been making movement at some seconds 

 iutervals, of a writhing or twisting nature, such as one often sees done 

 by pupae, and supposes to assist the change of form by making the 

 fluids circulate freely and find the places where the capacity for exten- 

 sion (into the new form) most easily accommodates it. When first 

 moulted the pupa is bright green, like the larva, with the dorsal flange 

 as in the larva, and humps on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and less on 6th 

 abdominal segments. These humps are very brilliantly coloured, more 

 so than in the larva, a fine rose-red on their inner sides, part of a 

 continuous coloured line, running all the way down the abdomen, dull, 

 pale, and as if buried on the other segments, and on the front half of 

 these, but brilliant on the humps, even one brilliant speck on the 

 hump of the 7th abdominal segment; the outer side of the hump is 

 clear bright (white) ; this colour is confined to the humps, and is not 

 part of a wider scheme of coloration like the red line. There is also a 



