254 



BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



very brilliant, on tall stems, with rather flat and not very thick disc-like 

 tips ; these tips have ten to fifteen spicules on their margins, and as 

 the discs (and spicules) shine like diamonds in the light, each tip is 

 very like a bright star, of the conventional pattern, but with ten or 

 more rays instead of the allotted five (pi. iii., fig. 2). May 14th, 1907 

 (sixteen hours later) : The pupa beneath is now a pale ruddy-brown, still 

 a little transparent medially, but the wings, antenna?, and head have a 

 more solid look and are sprinkled with dark, nearly black, dots, forming 

 almost a line along the inner margin of the wing. Dorsally the pupa is 

 very dark, so that the black markings cover more area than the paler 

 dark red-brown ground colour. There is a pale (not invaded by black) 

 area round each spiracle and along each incision ; between the dorsal 

 line and the spiracular area the black dots are fused together into an 

 irregular worm-eaten patch, that occupies four-fifths of the area. 

 The thorax is not quite so covered by black, the individual dots are 

 not symmetrical, but the crowding is such as to form a patch on each 

 side in front of the mesothorax, a double patch on the summit, and an 

 extension from this to either wing-base. May 21st, 1907 : The mature 

 pupa is very little darker than last noted. It is of a red-brown colour, 

 paler beneath, with very few black spots ventrally ; dorsally, the black 

 is in ragged irregular bands (of essentially coalesced spots) across each 

 segment, covering about two-fifths of the area of each segment, and 

 nearly complete on the 7th abdominal. They are symmetrical, or 

 nearly so, and have their largest portion a little above spiracle 

 (Chapman). 



Pupa. — The pupa is well rounded ; the only trace of angularity 

 is at the wing-spine. Seen dorsally, the wings form the sides of the 

 middle of the pupa ; from opposite the 1st abdominal suture the sides 

 separate a little in accordance with the wider abdomen ; in front they 

 run forwards quite parallel to the wing-spine, and here the margin 

 turns inwards at quite a sharp angle. On closer examination, with 

 a lens, there is really no angle, the surface being rounded. With 

 very little disturbance the pupa? fall out of their cocoons quite free, 

 one only retaining some adherence to the leaf by the cast larval skin, 

 which sticks both to the pupa and the leaf. It is, however, clearly 

 the natural process for the pupa to be quite free of the larval skin. 

 There is less disparity between the size of the thorax and abdomen 

 than in some other Theclid pupae ; the dimensions being — from front 

 to thoracic-abdominal incision, 5mm. ; the abdomen, 6mm. ; total, 

 11mm. ; the width at wing-spine and waist, 5mm. ; at the 3rd 

 abdominal segment, 6mm. ; the height 5'7mm., being about the same 

 at the mesothoracic dorsal eminence and the 3rd abdominal segment, 

 rather less at thorax in three specimens, greater in one other. The 

 pupa has n fairly straight ventral line, a little prominent at the end 

 of the wings (3rd-4th abdominal segments). As usual in Theclid 

 pupa?, the face is quite ventral ; the bases of antenna? being the front 

 of the pupa ; the bases of maxilla?, l-5mm. from front ; to the end of 

 the wings, 8'2mm.; the rest of the pupa being 2'8mm. The posterior 

 end of the pupa is formed by the dorsum of the 8th abdominal segment, 

 the Otli and 10th abdominals being quite ventral. The pupa is of a 

 mahogany colour, paler ventrally, speckled with abundant black spots; 

 these are rarer ventrally, and may be absent there, denser dorsally, 

 massing into spots and bands. There is enough variation in the few 



