BITHYS QUEECUS. 255 



pupae under observation, to make it probable that there might be 

 pupae pure brown (without black dots), or quite black (dots everywhere 

 coalescing). In the palest pupa the clots form a pair of black spots on 

 each side of the mesothoracic dorsal spine, and some dark shades at the 

 wing-bases ; on the abdominal segments a dorsal spot, and one a little 

 behind and outside it on either side, then, between this and the 

 spiracle, three in an oblique line, from above, downwards, and back- 

 wards. The spiracles always show as pale spots in paler areas. The 

 darkest pupae still preserve the mahogany ground colour, on centre and 

 a little on each side of the mesothorax, and along the posterior border 

 of the abdominal segments, with a good many scattered and minute 

 dots and patches, showing the black to be an aggregation of dots and 

 not definite marks. The hairs (pi. iii., fig. 2) show a very interesting 

 form between ordinary spiculate hairs as shown in Edwardsia w- album 

 {see pi. iii, fig. 1) and fully formed trumpet-hairs {see preceding vol., 

 pis. x, xi, xii, xiv). They have a genuine trumpet extremity, 

 although it is small and more pronouncedly spiculate than in the 

 Chrysophanids. They are also, like the trumpet-hairs, smaller than 

 ordinary spiculate hairs are ; for instance, they are about a third of 

 the length of the spiculate hairs on the pupa of Edwardsia w-album, 

 viz., O'lmm. in Bithys quercus, 0'34mm. in E. w-album. In plate 

 iii., fig. 2, the region shown is near the spiracle, of which a portion is 

 seen, of the 2nd abdominal segment. Five trumpet-hairs and a 

 portion of a sixth appear on the plate. There also appear a number 

 of lenticles, chitinous circles that look as if they ought to carry hairs, 

 but have their lumina merely closed by a faintly dotted membrane. 

 There are also two circles that are almost certainly bases of trumpet- 

 hairs that have been broken away. In the pupa of Bithys querciis 

 these lenticles are very numerous near the spiracles, but very sparse 

 elsewhere, the greater part of, for instance, this 2nd abdominal seg- 

 ment being occupied by the dark stellate points, with connecting- 

 ridges, that we saw so well-developed in the pupa>of Tkestor ballus (Ent. 

 Rec. f vol. xvii., p. 145, and Nat. Hist. Brit. Butts., i., pi. xv). In the 

 plate (pi. iii., fig. 2), the area shown is so small that it does not extend 

 outside the lenticular region of this spiracle, and may leave the im- 

 pression that the lenticles are a more marked feature of the pupal skin 

 than is really the case. Suggestive as these stellate points are of hairs, 

 they do not here, any more than in the other pupae examined, appear to 

 belong to the same phylum as the hairs and lenticles, that always occur 

 in the spaces between the ridges, which are attached to the stellate 

 points, but invariably avoid hairs and lenticles. The magnification of the 

 figure is 200 diameters. [As to further observations on hairs, see notes 

 on immature pupa {antea, pp. 253-254).] The appendages are reticulated 

 with a network of very fine, raised, darker lines ; the lines are elegantly 

 waved, and the meshes vary much in size, shape, and outline. At the 

 tibio-tarsal articulation a few very minute lenticles occur (see notes on 

 Strymon pruni pupa, antea p. 216). The prothoracic spiracle-cover is 

 narrow, spindle-shaped, small (0 - 3mm. long), of the same colour as 

 the pupa, and covered by minute, straight, spicules, with dilated 

 summits ; it falls within the area of wing-reticulations, not that of the 

 dorsum ; just behind it are two spots (wing-spines), on which the 

 reticulations are blurred, and arranged a little concentrically. The pro- 

 thorax has a margin against spiracle that has several rows of minute 



