256 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



papillae (spiculae ?) ; it has a large number of lenticles, a good many of 

 the characteristic hairs, and a ground-work of angular reticulated raised 

 lines with points at the angles ; these points are more or less angular, 

 according with the lines connected with them. They are smooth, raised 

 and rounded, but, centrally have an inner spot, sometimes with a stellate 

 aspect. On the mesothorax, the sculpturing is less dense and paler, 

 but otherwise like that of the prothorax; perhaps there are proportion- 

 ally fewer lenticles. The same remarks apply to the met'athorax ; its 

 short, sharp wing-extension has only the lines of network, like other 

 appendage covers. On the abdomen, the lenticles are massed abund- 

 antly round the spiracles, but, otherwise, the hairs, lenticles, and 

 network are as on the thorax. The 7th and 8th abdominal spiracles 

 are obsolete (each represented by a closed cicatrix); ventrally, there are 

 considerable areas of finely spiculated surface, and between the 8th 

 and 9th abdominal segments is a curious sloping piece (in mounted 

 specimen), apparently dipping in between the segments, of darker 

 chitin, and closely spiculated. So far as the vague indications go, of 

 a suture between the 9th and 10th abdominal segments, the latter 

 seems here, at the ventral line, to coalesce with that of the 8th and 

 9th abdominals, so this piece may be really the ventral portion of the 

 9th abdominal segment (the 8th is undisturbed, so the specimen is 

 probably a male) ; the area behind this is wrinkled, but fairly smooth ; 

 it has no skin -sculpture other than several (apparently) lenticles, nearly 

 symmetrically placed ; its posterior border is a transverse thickening, 

 with longitudinal branch medially in front (anal scar). In this 

 region, the points of the network are larger and more stellate than 

 elsewhere, and the ribs have something of a beaded structure, but 

 there is no trace of even obsolete cremastral hooks (Chapman). Stout 

 and rounded in outline, about 9mm. long, and rather more than 4mm. 

 at its widest, the back rounded, the belly more flattened, the abdomen 

 not extending more than 3mm. beyond the wing-cases, which are 

 rounded off short, the tail rounded off without any knob or spike ; the 

 skin a little roughened, but glossy, on both sides of the abdomen the 

 skin is set with tiny short bristles with flat heads, like old-fashioned, 

 flat-headed pins; the colour mahogam^-red on the back, freckled with 

 darker, and the dark slanting marks on the side of the larva seem 

 retained, the wing-cases paler, and not much freckled; the underside 

 of the abdomen reddish, without freckling (Hellins). 



Dehiscence of pupa. — The thorax splits down dorsally and the 

 opening continues to either side, leaving the 1st abdominal segment 

 in one piece, but separating the thorax from it and continuing down 

 and separating the wings from the 1st, 2nd. and 3rd abdominal 

 segments. The face and antenna 1 also separate from the wings, hut 

 the antennae and included legs and appendages remain in one piece. 

 The ends of the antennae, apices of wings, and front of 4th abdominal 

 segment continue attached to each other, but so slightly that they 

 easily separate, so as to l>e loose, hut maintain an attachment by 

 interior membrane (intersegmental, &c). Of course, when the pupa 

 is dry, this breaks at once, almost as if it did not exist. There may 

 he a slight separation of 5th and 6th abdominal. segments dorsally. 

 The prothorax also hinges hack from the nicsothorax, but maintains a 

 membranous attachment ; at its anterior border is a narrow, separate, 



