RURALIS. 273 



Goktcha (Romanoff), Caucasus district (Fixsen) ; Crimea district (teste Dubus). 

 Sardinia (Kane). Scandinavia: Norway, southwest very rarely — Aas, once in 

 June (Siebke) ; Akershus, Bratsberg, Nedenaeb (58° 38' to 59° 40' lat.) (Schoyen) ; 

 Sweden, south and central, not uncommon — Skiine to Vestmanland (Lam pa); Gott- 

 land, Stockholm (Wallengren). Sekvia: Ak Palanka (Hilf). Spain: Castile — 

 Tragacete (Chapman) ; the cork-woods of Gibraltar (J. J. Walker) ; Andalusia — 

 Granada district (Rambur), Huejar (Nicholson) ; Catalonia — Monserrat (Cunl y 

 Martorell), Old Castile — La Granja (Chapman). Switzebland : throughout wher- 

 ever oak grows and extending up as high as its foodplant — Basle district, Solothurn, 

 Aargau, Bern, Waadt, Uri, Grisons, St. Gallen, Schaffhausen, Zurich (Frey) ; 

 Geneva district — Saleve, etc. (Muschamp), Gamsen (Anderegg); the Valais — Va) 

 d'Anniviers — Chippis, Sepey Road (A. H. Jones); between Roche and Yvonne (A. M. 

 Cochrane), Aigle (Tasker), Sierre (Lemann), Folleterres de Fully. Mt. Chetnin, 

 Coteau de Ravoire, Saillon, Sion (Favre), Ollon Road, near Aigle, near Charpigny, 

 Sepey, Gryon (Wheeler), Bex (Fountaine). 



Genus : Ruralis [, Linne] , Pocla, Barbut. 



Synonymy.— Genus : Ruralis, Barb., "Gen. Ins. Linn.," p. 173 (1781); 

 Tutt, "Ent. Rec," xvii., p. 212 (1905) ; xviii., pp. 130, 132 (1906) ; "Nat. Hist. 

 Brit. Lep.," viii., p. 313 (1906). [Papilio-] Plebeius, Linn., " Sys. Nat.." xth 

 ed., p. 482 (1758). Papilio, Linn., "Faun. Suec," 2nd ed., p. 282 (1761); Hufn., 

 "Berl. Mag.," ii., p. 68 (1766); Schiff., " Schmett. Wien.," 1st ed., p. 386 

 (1775); Fuess., "Verz.," p. 31 (1775); Miill., " Zool. Dan. Prod.," p. Ill 

 (1776) ; Fuess., " Mag.," i., pt. 2, p. 262 (1778) ; Geoff., "Ent. Paris.," p. 243 

 (1783); Schneid., "Sys. Besch.." i., p. 217 (1785); Bork., "Sys. Besch.," 

 i., p. 134 (1788); Lang, "Verz.," ii., p. 45 (1789); Bork., " Rhein. Mag.," 

 L, p. 297 (1793); Don., "Brit. Ins.," p. 89, fig. 250 (1798); Hb., "Eur. 

 Schmett.," pi. xlvii., figs, a-b, larv. ; lxxvi., figs. 383-5 (1799); text, 

 p. 58 (circ. 1805): " Raupen," etc., Pap. ii., Gens A.e., figs. 2a-b 

 (circ. 1800); 111., " Schmett. Wien.," 2nded., p. 278(1801); " 111. Mag.," hi., 

 p. 187 (1803) ; Herbst, "Nat. Syst. Ins.," xi., pts. 10-11, p. 82, pi. 307, figs. 1-3 

 (1804); Ochs., "Die Schmett.," i., pt. 1, p. 113 (1808). [Papilio-Plebeius-] 

 Ruralis, Poda, " Mus. Graec," p. 75 (1761) ; Linn., " Sys. Nat.," xiith ed., 

 p. 787 (1767) ; Fab., "Sys. Ent.," p. 520 (1775) ; Bergs., "Nomen.," etc., p. 56, 

 pi. xxxviii., figs. 1-4 (1780); Goeze, "Ent. Beit.," p. 5 (1780); Fab., "Spec. 

 Ins.," p. 118 (1781) ; " Mant. Ins.," p. 68 (1787); Brahm, "Ins. Kal.," p. 232 

 (1791) ; Schwarz, "Raup.-Kal.," p. 197 (1791); Haw., " Lep. Brit.," p. 37 (1803). 

 [Plebeius-] Ruralis, Esp., " Schmett. Eur.," p. 256, pi. xix., fig. 1 cum larv. et 

 pup. (1777). [Papilio-] Ruralis, de Vill., "Car. Linn. Ent. Fn. Suec," p. 62 

 (1789). [Hesperia-] Ruralis, Fab., "Ent. Syst.," iii., pt. 1, p. 277 (1793); 

 Panz., " Schaeff. Icon. Ins. Rat.," 2nd pd., p. 181, pi. ccxii., figs. 1-2 ; p. 215, 

 pi. cclxxv., figs. 1-2 (1804). Cupido, Schrk., "Faun. Boica," ii., p. 219 (1801). 

 Polyommatus, Latr., "Hist. Nat. Crust, et Ins.," xiv., p. 116 (1805); "Gen. 

 Crust. Ins.," iv., p. 207 (1809) ; " Enc. Meth.," ix., p. 647 (1819) ; Godt., " Hist. 

 Nat.," L, p. 181, pi. ix., fig. 1 (1821); Bdv., "Eur. Lep. Ind.," p. 10 (1829). 

 Thecla, Fab., " 111. Mag.," vi., p. 286 (1807) ; Oken, " Lehrb.," ii., p. 722 (1815); 

 Leach, " Edin. Ency.," ix., pt. 1, p. 129 (1815); Sam., "Ent. Comp.," p. 24 

 (1819); Swains., "Zool. Illus.," p. 69 (1821); Stphs., " Illus. Haust.," i., p. 75 

 (1828); "Ins. Cat.," 1st ed., p. 19(1829); Meig., "Eur. Schmett.," ii., p. 50 

 (1830); Curt., "Brit. Ent.," fo. 264 (1829); Dup., "Hist. Nat.," supp. i., p. 387 

 (1832); Wood, "Ind. Ent.," p. 7, pi. ii., fig. 50a (1839) ; Bdv., " Gen. et Ind. 

 Meth.," p. 8 (1840); Zett., "Ins. Lapp.," p. 909 (1840); Westd., " Syn. Gen. 

 Brit. Ins.," p. 88 (1840); Humph, and Westd., "Brit. Butts.," p. 85 (1841); Dup., 

 " Cat. Meth.," p. 29 (1845) ; H.-Sch., " Sys. Bearb.," p. 137 (1843) ; West, and 

 Hewits., "Gen. Diurn. Lep.," ii., p. 487 (1852); Led., "Verh. zool.-bot. 

 Gesell.," p. 18 (1852); Gerh., "Schmett.," iii., p. 3, pi. L, figs, la-c (1853) ; 

 Sta., "Man.," i., p. 52 (1S57) ; Speyer, " Geog. Verb. Schmett.," p. 264 

 (1858); Dbldy., "Syn. List," 2nd ed., p. 2 (1859); Hein., "Schmett. 

 Deutsch.," p. 93 (1859); Staud., "Cat.," 1st ed., p. 3 (1861); Kirby, 

 "Eur. Butts.." p. 85 (1862); Snell., " De Vlind.," p. 68 (1867); Nolck., 

 "Lep. Fn. Estl.," p. 50 (1868); Newm., "Brit. Butts.," p. 112 (1869); 

 Butl., " Cat. Diurn. Lep.," p. 181 (1869) ; Staud., " Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 6 (1871) ; 

 Curo, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vi., p. 106 (1874); Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 9 

 (1880); Lang, "Butts. Eur,," p. 75, pi. xviii., fig. 2 (1884); Buckl., "Larvee," 

 etc., i., p. 184, pi. xii., fig. 4 (1885) ; Kane, "Eur. Butts.," p. 21 (1885) ; Barr., 



