LYCiENINJE. 325 



larval stage (third instar), e.g., Aricia astrarche, Agriades bellargus, Poly- 

 ommatus icarus, Cyaniris semiargus, Lycaena avion ; (3) as the adult larva, 

 e.g., Cupido minima ; (4) in the pupal stage, e.g., Celastrina argiolus, 

 Nomiades cyllarus, N. melanops. Those that hybernate in the egg-stage 

 seem to have almost uniformly only a single- brood, in the Palsearctic 

 area, per year, although A. corydon is on the wing in specially favourable 

 spots in May, and is double-brooded, in the neighbourhood of Hyeres. The 

 others may be partially or wholly double-brooded, or even triple-brooded, 

 although Lycaena avion, at least so far as we know the species in 

 Europe, is certainly only single-brooded. 



Seasonal dimorphism is not at all uncommon in the double- 

 brooded species. The most complicated form yet worked out is that of 

 Celastrina pseud argiolus (by some supposed to be distinct from C. argiolus) 

 of which Edwards (Butts. Nth. America, ii., plates Lycaena ii and hi) 

 and Scudder (Butts. New England, ii., p. 944) give excellent descrip- 

 tions and figures. Among our double-brooded European species, 

 some form of seasonal dimorphism is usually noticeable, e.g., Celas- 

 trina argiolus, the females of the second-brood with broader marginal 

 borders ; Aricia astrarche, both sexes of the second-brood more 

 spotted with orange marginally, and with browner undersides ; Agriades 

 bellargus, the first-brood, with bluer females, and so on, i.e., in the 

 Palrearctic region, the seasonal dimorphism is in the direction of the 

 production of spring and summer forms. De Niceville says (Butts, of 

 India, iii., p. 11) that, in India, the Lycsenid species seem to be restricted 

 to wet and dry seasonal forms, but that, in Sikkim, the dry-season form 

 which occurs at the end of the year, differs somewhat from the dry- 

 season form which occurs in the spring, so that, with regard to some 

 species, there may be said to be three forms — a spring, a wet-season, 

 and a winter form. 



Gynandromorphism is very prevalent in this tribe ; indeed it is 

 possible that more gynandromorphs have been recorded in this than 

 any other group of butterflies. We propose dealing with those relating 

 to each British species, when the latter are treated in detail. Of records 

 that have been noted belonging to other than British species we may 

 mention : 



1. — Aricia eumedon, Wiskott, Lep.-Zwitt., p. 12, pi. iii., lig. 20. 



2. — Polyommatus eros, Knecht, Mitt, der Schw. Ent. Gesell., ix., p. 157. 



3. — Polyommatus escheri, Haase, Korr. Ent. Ver. Iris Drescl., iii., p. 38 

 (1886) ; Wisk., Lep.-Zwitt., p. 12, pi. iii., fig. 4. 



4. — Polyommatus hylas, Ribbe, Iris, iii., p. 45 ; Rlihl, Pal. Gross-Schmett. 

 i., p. 279. 



5. — a. Polyommatus amandus, Schultz, XYoch. fur Ent., i., p. 335. (3. P. 

 amandus, Wisk., Lep.-Zuitter, p. 12. y. P. amandus, Wisk., Lep.-Z witter, p. 12, 

 pi. ii., fig. 2. 5-£\ Schultz, Woeh. fur Ent., ii., p. 365. v. Diiberg, Sitzungh. Berl. 

 Ent. Ver., 1898, p. 14. 



6. — Polyommatus hyroana, Wisk., Lep.-Zwitt., p. 11, pi. iii., fig. 19. 



7. — Polyommatus orbitulus, Locke, Ent. Zeits. Guben, iv., p. 231. 



8. — a. Agriades meleager, Wiskott, Lep.-Zwitt., p. 14, pi. iii., fig. 3. /3. A. 

 meleager, Ruhl, Pal. Gross-Schmett., i., p. 282. y. A. meleager, Ruhl, Pal. 

 Gr'oss-Schmett., i., p. 763. 



9.— Agriades damon, Wiskott, Lep.-Zwitt., p. 14. 

 10.— Nomiades cyllarus, Schultz, Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1904, p. 82. 

 11.— Lyo.ena euphemus, Schultz, Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1904, p. 82. 

 12. — a. Plebeius argus (argyrognomon), Nick., Sys. Lep. Faun. Bbhm., p. 19 

 (1850): Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., 1872, p. 727. /3. P. argus, ditto, p. 728. y. P. 

 argus, Ruhl, Pal. Gross-Schmett., p. 233. 5. P. argus, Jander, Zeits. Ent. Brest.. 



