336 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



dashes, and iD many is entirely absent. Faint traces of this band are 

 sometimes continued on the forewings. In some females from 

 Khartoum, Johannesburg, Loo-Choo, etc., a distinct reddish arch covers 

 in the inner of the two black spots near the anal angle of the hindwings, 

 a distinct repetition of the margin of the corresponding spots On the 

 underside. The undersides also show considerable variation, e.g., from 

 Australia come examples of almost white ground colour, with pale 

 fawn bands, the orange margin of the two anal metallic spots obsolete, 

 yet the Banksian type of danwetes also from Australia has a very brown 

 underside. In a small specimen from Poona, the ground is grey, the bands 

 fawn, edged with white; whilst others from various localities are fawn, 

 with bands almost of the ground colour, edged finely with paler, almost 

 w 7 hite. In the British Museum are several examples of both sexes with 

 a tendency to ill-developed scaling on the upperside. One male, from 

 the Transvaal, is particularly pallid, undersized, pale whitish-blue in 

 colour. The following tabulation of the females in the British 

 Museum coll. may prove interesting : — 



la. Fuscous, with metallic purplish scaling, the two black spots at anal angle 

 of hindwings well marked, the remainder of the hind-marginal series ill-developed, 

 edged faintly with pale = boeticus, Linn. 



b. As in la, but, in addition, with an extra, well-developed, whitish, trans- 

 verse band between the hind-margin and centre of hindwing = ab. typica-fasciata, 

 n. ab. 



c. As in lb, but, in addition, with the hind-marginal series of spots on hind- 

 wings faintly indicated on forewings = ab. typica-marginata, n. ab. 



2a. Fuscous, with bright violet- or " bellargus "-blue scaling ; the remainder 

 as in la = ab. caerulea, n. ab. 



b. As in 2a, but with pale transverse band across hindwing as in lb = 

 ab. caerulea- fasciata, n. ab. 



c. As in 26, but with marginal series of spots on forewing indicated as in 

 lc = ab. caerulea-marginata, n. ab. 



3a. Fuscous, with bright metallic " hylas "-blue scaling (tending to green in 

 some lights), the remainder as in la = ab. alara, n. ab. 



b. As in 3a, but with pale transverse band across hindwing as in 16 = ab. 

 clara-fasciata, n. ab. 



c. As in 36, but with marginal series of spots on forewing indicated as in lc 

 = ab. clara-marginata, n. ab. 



4a. Fuscous, with no blue scaling whatever, the remainder as in la = 

 ab. fusca, n. ab. 



6. As in 4a, but with pale transverse band across hindwing as in 16 = 

 ab. fusca-fasciata, n. ab. 



c. As in 36, but with marginal series of spots on forewing indicated as in lc 

 = ab. fusca-marginata, n. ab. 



There is considerable difference in the size of the specimens, and a small 

 example labelled "aesiiva, from Rossler, lb76," b} 7 Zeller, in the British 

 Museum coll., is called aestiva, Zell. We have attempted to trace a 

 description by Zeller, but have so far failed, although he notes (his, 

 1847, p. 157) that the size of the South E uropean (Italian) specimens varies 

 very considerably. This museum name was most probably the origin of 

 Graves' use of the name (Ent. I lee, xix., p. 211). Presumably Zeller's 

 was a MS. name, and it is altogether wrong to suppose that there is any 

 special permanent seasonal variation in size, at least in Europe. Lowe 

 notes (in lift.): " Of a large number of specimens (above 100) taken in 

 Guernsey, in September, 1899, the largest male measured exactly l*5in., 

 the smallest a trifle under '9in. ; in the case of the females the largest was 

 l a 4in., the smallest just under lin." The summer was dry, and would 

 possibly explain the small specimens, if they were at all hurried in 



