LAMPIDES BOETICUS. 353 



dated with a little more detail, the pupa specially described below, got 

 loose at the anal extremity as soon as I began to examine it, and I 

 thought at first I must have used more violence than I was conscious 

 of. I have examined six pupae carefully, and find they all agree 

 absolutely in having no hooks. The cremastral region has an interest- 

 ing structure, to be taken in connection with that in Callophrys rubi, 

 and other species with cremasters that are not functional, or, as here, 

 obsolete. There are scattered hairs, of exactly the same pattern as 

 those near the spiracles, about O025mm. to 0-03mm. long, with 

 spicules towards their extremities, and there are a good many of the 

 rosettes of the skin-netting, rather well- developed, but with no more trace 

 of hair as part of them than elsewhere; the homologies with the other 

 pupae alluded to suggest that these skin-rosettes are the repre- 

 sentatives of the vanished cremastral hooks. One larva was found 

 to have made a very flimsy cocoon amongst the blossoms, ap- 

 parently for pupation." Milliere states (Iconoyraphie, i., p. 245) 

 that the larva does not pupate in the pod whose seeds have 

 nourished it, but that, having attained its full growth, it leaves the 

 pod, and either descends among the dried leaves or fixes itself, head 

 uppermost to a branch of the shrub, the pupal stage not lasting more 

 than five or six days. Milliere's figure shows no anal attachment. 

 Aigner-Abafi observes [in litt.) that the larva usually pupates in 

 the seedpods of Colutea arborescent in the Budapest district, the 

 pupa not being so large, nor so contracted, as that of Lycaena 

 iolas, but smaller and much more slender (Uhryk, Bovart. hapok., 

 x., p. 1275). Bellier de la Chavignerie records {Bull. Soc. Ent. 

 Ft., 1847, p. 105) that he reared several L. boeticus from larvae 

 taken at Chartres, that the larvae pupated in August, most of the 

 imagines emerging ten or twelve days after pupation, although two 

 did not do so until November 17th, the larvae and pupae being in all 

 cases kept in a room exposed to the north, the windows open day and 

 night, so that the temperature was the same as outside. In South 

 Africa, Trimen notes the pupal stage as lasting from ten to twelve 

 days in the summer. Kershaw states that in Hong-Kong pupation 

 takes place within a hollowed-out seed-pod or beneath leaves, etc., 

 which it secures slightly together with silk ; the pupa is attached by a 

 band round the middle, but apparently has no cremastral attachment. 

 Pupa. — Length 8* 5mm.*; width at the 3rd abdominal segment 

 nearly 3mm., narrower thence to the rounded tail; the pupa is flat 

 ventrally, and evenly rounded above except for a decided rise over the 

 centre of the mesothorax ; height at 6th abdominal segment 2mm.,. 

 at the 4th 2*7mm., at the mesothoracic spine 2-6mm., at the 1st 

 abdominal (waist) 2-4mm.; from the end of wings to cremaster 2mm., to 

 the head 6'5mm. [A few threads pass over the 2nd abdominal ; the 

 cremaster has but slight hold.] Colour pale, slightly flesh-tinted 

 ochreous, with scattered black dots ; these are very minute over wings 

 and appendages ; dorsally, they are larger, and combine into a dorsal 

 line and large black spots, two to each abdominal segment on each 

 side, one just above spiracle, the other a little in front and nearly 

 halfway to dorsum ; the other smaller points seem irregularly 

 distributed. The headpiece is spotted like the rest of the pupa (with- 

 out spots in pale specimens) ; it is about 2mm. long antero-posteriorly, 



® This specimen is a little dwarfed owing to having been fed in a tube on 

 Lotus corniculatus (flowers), a not altogether congenial food. 



