364 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



southern Africa, occurs throughout the year, but is most abundant from 

 October to April ; Leigh particularly notes its capture on December 

 26th, 1900, in the Stella Bush near Durban. Walker gives us the 

 following details from the Hope Museum collection — Natal : October 

 2nd, 1896, at Tugela Mouth (Heale) ; December 6th, 1896, at Frere, 

 3800ft., December 20th, 1896, on the Tugela Eiver, April 6th, 1897, 

 at Durban (G. A. K. Marshall). Mashonaland : December 25th, 1895, 

 at Gadzina, 4200ft., December 5th, 1897 ; May 15th, 1898, at Salisbury, 

 5000ft. ; October 30th, 1898, at Mazoe (G. A. K. Marshall). British 

 East Africa : May 22nd, 1900, at Machoko's Koad, 5400ft. ; December 

 31st, 1898- January 14th, 1899, at Northern Gongo (Hinde) ; April 20th, 

 1899, on the west shores of Lake Nyassa (de Jersey) ; October 10th, 

 1905, at Melsetter, Gazaland, in South-East Rhodesia (G. A. K. 

 Marshall). British Central Africa : June 20th, 1903, in Angoni- 

 land, at 4 500ft. -5000ft. (Byatt) ; February 2nd, 1899, at Chitala, 

 in the Mushinga Mountains (Pemberton). Uganda: May 18th- 

 21st, 1900, at Mengo (Leakey) ; November-December, 1900, at 

 Toro, 7000ft.-9000ft. (Neave) ; January 12th, 1902, in Northern 

 Uganda, lat. 8° 5' N. (Loat). British East Africa : November-Decem- 

 ber, 1902, at Nyangori, Victoria Nyanza, 0° 6', S. lat., at 6000ft. 

 (Wiggins). Somaliland: December, 1905 -January, 1906, at Berbera, 

 5000ft., in Somaliland (Byatt) ; June 21st, 1907, in North Central 

 Somaliland (Peel) ; January lst-31st, 1903, on the north-east shore of 

 Victoria Nyanza, 3800ft. (Wiggins). Anderson says that, in Victoria 

 (Australia), it first appears in October, and remains in evidence until 

 March, with a succession of broods during the interval. One does not 

 doubt if there were more records from Australia, that, at any rate in 

 the more northern parts, the species would be found to be continuously- 

 brooded throughout the year, for Walker states that the species is 

 common throughout most of the year in and about Sydney, New 

 South Wales. In the Pacific Islands, Walker found it on March 81st, 

 1883, April 3rd, 1883, on high ground, about 2000ft., and also on 

 April 5th, in Tahiti ; on April 7th-8th, 1883, in Eimeo Island. At 

 Batavia, it was observed abundantly on May 6th-9th, 1870 ; also 

 November 18th-14th, 1891, at Amboyna ; in January, 1892, at Hong- 

 Kong, and May 13th, 1892, on Namoa Island, off south-east China; 

 June 6th-8th, 1900, at Noumea, New Caledonia ; September 9th, 1900, 

 at Gaua Island, Banks' Islands ; September 11th, 1900, on Tegna 

 Island ; June and September, 1900, common, in the New Hebrides ; 

 August 16th-20th, 1900, in Chepenehe Lifu in the Loyalty Islands; 

 August 23rd, 1900, at Noumea, New Caledonia (Walker) ; February 

 and March, at Luzon, Manila (Meyer) ; May 19th, 1905, at Bileling, 

 in Bali Island (Shelford) ; May 8th, 1905, in Ternate Island 

 (Shelford). 



Habits. — A wanderer, if not quite of the same class as Pyrameis 

 cardui, almost equally so, but unable even temporarily to reach so far 

 norbh, and at present confined to the Old World, no record of its 

 occurrence in the New World having yet been made, although it has 

 been observed in many of the most isolated of the Pacific Islands. 

 Within the tropical and subtropical countries of the Old World it is 

 generally abundant in suitable localities, sometimes appearing in great 

 numbers and occasionally attempting to extend its boundaries into the 

 temperate regions directly north of its sedentary home. In this manner 



