LAMPIDES BOETICUS. 371 



above Asaba (Braham teste Lathy, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1903, 

 pp. 183, 201). It is generally distributed throughout southern Africa 

 (Trimen) ; on Table Mountain, at the back of Capetown, in the early 

 springtime (mid- October) of 1904, among the fir-trees which cover the 

 mountain for a good way up its northern face (Manders) ; in Mauritius 

 it appeared almost confined to gardens, where it occurred on the 

 cultivated pea (Trimen) ; it occurs also throughout Madeira (Bethune- 

 Baker), and Teneriffe (Elliott) ; and appears freely in Morocco in the 

 neighbourhood of Tangier (Meade-Waldo) ; and in Algeria, on the 

 ridge above Hammam-es-Salahin to the west of Biskra ; also with 

 Calloplirys rubi var. fervida on the thorn-bushes of the steep slopes of 

 the long sharp-edged mountain, which may be considered as the 

 dividing line between the Aures and the desert at ElKantara ('Nicholl). 

 At Khartoum it swarms in the sandy gardens, planted with abundant 

 trees and shrubs (Graves). It occurs throughout the delta of the Nile 

 Valley, on closely cultivated alluvial ground, being found in all gardens, 

 orchards, etc., often in large numbers; also from Port Said to Ismailia, 

 in gardens and cultivated spots surrounded by salt lakes or desert, e.g., 

 the cafe gardens just south of the town on the banks of the canal ; it 

 is not uncommon on the Maryut Steppe, bare, open, wind-swept, grass 

 land, stony and waterless save in winter and spring, when the rains 

 are heavy and pools form in the water-courses. In February, March 

 and April, flowers abound, numerous species of vetch, asphodels, 

 anemones, poppies, gladiolus, etc., most of which I have seen the 

 butterfly visiting ; it also occurs at Ezbet el Nakhle and Marg, 

 about ten miles northeast of Cairo, where the cultivation is less 

 intense than in the immediate neighbourhood of the town. It also 

 occurs in the desert wadis, east of the Nile, behind Helwan, on most 

 unpromising-looking ground, hot, dry, water-courses, forming ravines 

 in the limestone rock, and fringed with a scanty desert vegetation growing 

 in tufts and patches. To get some idea of the locality, one must 

 imagine a winding, rocky, trout stream, with steep banks, often rising 

 to cliffs, of grey limestone, absolutely dry, and fringed with scrub and 

 thorny bushes among which scattered flowers — Erigeron, a crucifer or 

 two, a species of balsam, etc., grow here and there. The heat in these 

 gullies can be terrific, the wind often blows a gale, and the w r hole 

 aspect of the place leads one to believe that butterflies could not exist 

 in it, except, perhaps, in winter, yet, here, with Lampides boeticus, 

 Anthocaris belia var. ausonia occurs in some numbers, as well as 

 Melitaea var. deserticola, Pontia glauconome, Polyontmatus lysimon, 

 Pyrameis cardui, etc. (Graves). In Syria, it occurs around Jaffa, in 

 country resembling the Maryut steppe, but better- watered, and more 

 hilly, and in the great orchards and gardens near the town ; it was also 

 found sparingly in the fields across the Nahr el Awaj, a pretty mill- 

 stream that runs into the sea near Jaffa ; near Beyrout it occurs in the 

 hot moist valley of the Dog river ; abounding on the terraces where 

 " liblab " beans are plentiful ; it also occurs in the gardens around the 

 town with Pontia daplidice, Idmais fausta, etc. (Graves) ; it was also 

 found at Brummana, ten miles east of Beyrout, some 2500ft. above the 

 sea (Nicholl) ; in the Lebanon, it occurs on the lower and middle 

 slopes, haunting broom, and gardens where liblab beans, sw T eet- and 

 garden-peas, etc., are cultivated, occurring at 4500ft. at Ain-Zahalta 

 on stony slopes, where broom grows in patches, and, in the Anti- 



