CELASTKINA. 379 



ser., x., p. 299 (L852) ; Led., " Verh. zool.-bot. GeselL," p. 19 (1852) ; Wallgrn., 

 "Skand. Dagf.," i., p. 240 (1853); Eamb., "Cat. Lep. And.," p. 43 (1808); 

 Speyer, " Geog. Verb. Schmett.," i., p. 85 (1858) ; Dbldy., " Syn. List," 2nd ed., 

 p. 2 (1859) ; Staud., " Cat.," 1st ed., p. 6 (1861) ; Edw., " Proe. Acad. Nat. Sci. 

 Phil.," p. 56 (1862) ; " Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil./' vi., p. 201 (1866) ; Snell., " De 

 Vlind.," i., p. 58 (1867); Berce, " Faun. France," i., p. 146, pi. vii., fig. 7 (1868); 

 Nolck., "Lep. Fn. Estl.," i., p. 57 (1868); Newm., "Brit. Butts.," i., p. 135, 

 fig. 47 (1869) ; Butl., " Cat. Diurn. Lep.," L, p. 168 (1869); Bdv., "Lep. Guat.," 

 p. 17 (1870) ; Staud., " Cat.," 2nd ed., p. 13 (1871) ; Bang-Haas, " Nat. Tids.," 

 3rd ser., ix., p. 394 (1874); Curo, "Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital.," vi., p. 113 (1874) ; 

 Cunl y Mart., " Lep. Bare," p. 19 (1874) ; Mill., " Cat. Lep. Alp.-Mar.," p. 105 

 (1875) ; Frey, "Lep. Schweiz," p. 21 (1880) ; Lang, "Butts. Eur.," i., p. 127, 

 pi. xxxi., fig. 1 (1884); Lampa, "Ent. Tids.," vi., p. 15 (1885); Kane, "Eur. 

 Butts.," i., p. 48 (1885) ; Auriv., " Nord. Fjar.," L, p. 14, pi. vi., fig. 4 (1888-91); 

 Nicev., "Butts. India," iii., p. 107 (1890); Riihl, " Gross- Schmett.," i., p. 292 

 (1895); Meyr., "Handbook," p. 347 (1895). [Zephyrus-] Cyaniris, Dalm., 

 "K. Vet. Acad. Handl.," xxxvii., pp. 63, 94 (1816). Agriades, Hb., " Verz.," 

 p. 68 (1816-18); Stphs., "Illus.," iv., app. p. 404 (1834); Kirby, "List Brit. 

 Rhop.," p. 3 (1858). Argus, Dup., " Hist. Nat.," supp. i., p. 390 (1832) ; Bdv. 

 and Le Conte, "Lep. Amer. Sept.," p. 118, pi. xxxvi., figs. 1-5 (1833) ; Zett., 

 "Ins. Lapp.," p. 912 (1840). Cyaniris, Scudd., " Sys. Rev. Amer. Butts.," 

 p. 34 (1872); "Hist. Rev. Gen.," p. 150 (1875); Moore, "Lep. Ceyl.," i., 

 p. 74 (1881); Scudd., "Butts. New Engld.," ii., p. 918 (1889); Leech, 

 "Butts. China," ii., p. 320 (1894); Tutt, "Ent. Rec," vii., pp. 220, 300 

 (1896) ; "Brit. Butts.," L, p. 187, pi. ii., figs. 6-7 (1896) ; Kirby, "Handbook," 

 etc., ii., p. 103, pi. xlix., figs. 1-3 (1896); Grote, "Schmett. Hildesh.," p. 42 

 (1897); Reuter, "Ent. Rec," x., p. 97 (1898) ; Staud., " Cat.," 3rd ed., p. 90 

 (1901); Wheel., "Butts. Switz.," p. 45 (1903) ; South, "Brit. Butts.," p. 172, 

 pi. cxiii., figs. 1-9 (1906). 



For a long period the species belonging to this genus were included 

 by authors with all the other " blues " in one or other of the hetero- 

 geneous mixtures known as Polyommatus or Lycaena. Scudder was 

 the first author who scientifically attempted to confine the group to its 

 natural limits. He arranged the species, however, under the name 

 Cyaniris, and, in his consideration of the genus Cyaniris, enumerates 

 {Hist. Rev. Gen., pp. 150 and 293) Dalman's list of species (dntea, 

 vol. viii., p. 306), and adds — 



1820. — Billberg, Enum. Ins., p. 8, uses it for all Dalman's species excepting 



alcon, and for several additional species. 

 1835. — Vill.-Guenee, Lep. Eur., p. 19, employ it for corydon, argiolus, and 



others. . 

 1872. — Scudder, Syst. Rev., p. 34, indicates argiolus as type. 



Prout has pointed out to us that here Scudder overlooks the important 

 detail that Dalman himself, in founding the genus, cites only argianus 

 ( = semiargus) in the generic synopsis (p. 63), and, therefore, fixed the 

 type at its inception. Cyaniris, therefore, stands as the genus for 

 semiargus, leaving the argiolus group without a separate generic name. 

 This was supplied in 1906, when Celastrina was suggested {Ent. Rec, 

 xviii., p. 131), and argiolus noted, as type. The new name, therefore, 

 stands for the genus already diagnosed in detail by Scudder, Meyrick, 

 and others. Scudder describes (Butterflies of New England, ii., 

 pp. 918 et seq.) the genus, under the name Cyaniris, as follows : — 



Imago : Head small, densely clothed with scales, which are tufted about the 

 base of the antennas, and provided with a considerable mass of long erect hairs, 

 longest and most abundant in the middle of the front. Front very gently curved 

 transversely, very slightly fullest below ; from a little above the middle, downward, 

 barely surpassing the front of the eyes, not so elevated above, but vaguely grooved 

 longitudinally ; scarcely twice as high as broad, as broad as the front view of the 

 eyes ; sides parallel, upper border squarely excised, its angles slightly hollowed in 

 front of the antennas ; lower border strongly rounded. Vertex not vaulted, but 

 with a slight, low tubercle on either side, midway between the antennae and the 



