384 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



Scudder says (Butts. New. Engl., ii., p. 923) that, "the body of the 

 juvenile larva, which is subcylindrical but tectiform, is covered with 

 high conical papillae, from which emerge long curved hairs, sweeping 

 backward." Chapman notes (in litt.) that the young larva has six 

 ocelli (not four as Scudder notes) like all other Lycaenid larvae, in 

 which the organs can be clearly made out. It has two hairs at site of 

 tubercle iii, on abdominal segments 1-6, as have most Lycaenid larvae, 

 although those of Lampides boeticus and A ricia astrarche have only one ; 

 in Celastrina (argiolus) they are fairly long (the* longer one in front), 

 clubbed, and rounded at the tip ; in other Lycaenid larvae they are 

 usually very short (also very difficult to see, as, owing to transparency, 

 they are in C. argiolus) ; if they are somewhat longer, as in some 

 Lycaenid larvae, they are usually sharp-pointed, like ordinary setaceous 

 hairs. The larva has also a subspiracular lenticle on the 1st abdominal 

 segment (as in Aricia astrarche) ; Cyaniris semiargus has none ; whilst Agri- 

 ades corydon, Ciqrido minima, etc., have one also on the 2nd abdominal 

 segment." Scudder adds that "the mature caterpillars are onisciform, 

 about equally, and somewhat rapidly, sloped in front and behind, and 

 have similar anterior and posterior curve. They have rather distinctly 

 marked segments, are green in colour with straight dorsal markings, and 

 oblique lateral stripes." Chapman observes that Scudder makes Celastrina 

 (argiolus) retain, and Lyeaena (=Rusticus) lose, the dorsal crest. This 

 is not so, as the larvae of Plebeius aegon, Agriades bellargus, etc., have 

 the crest the same as C. argiolus. Our plates of the larva of Celastrina 

 argiolus and its structures will give a good idea of its characteristic 

 features, especially in the case of those of the extended skin of the 

 newly-hatched larva, in which the character and position of the setae. 

 the ordinary body-hairs, the lenticles, and the spiracles, may be 

 readily traced (pis. xxiii., xxiv.). The hairs, of course, multiply 

 greatly after the 1st stadium, and, in this genus (as represented by 

 C. argiolus), there is a great difference in the structure of the hairs in 

 each instar. Comparison of plates xxiii., xxiv., xxv., and xxvi., will 

 show the great difference that exists in the nature of the hairs in 

 the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and final instars. The single slightly-spiculated 

 hairs in the 1st instar, the "scimitar- and dagger-hairs" of the 3rd 

 instar, and the shorter, more conical, hairs of the final instar, are all 

 essentially different in size and appearance. 



The pupa is particularly stumpy in outline, thickest at the middle 

 of the abdomen, the head and thorax rounded, although the meso- 

 thorax is slightly keeled; there is a slight waist at the metathorax and 

 1st abdominal segment, whilst the wings are long and reach down to 

 the 5th abdominal segment ; the pupal hairs are not present on 

 the wings ; the hooks of the cremaster well-developed (see pi. xxvii., 

 fig. 1). The pupa is described by Scudder (Butts. New Engl., ii., 

 p. 923) as " well-rounded, of a dark green or ferruginous colour, 

 with dusky markings, rather short and stout, the abdomen con- 

 siderably higher than the thorax." Chapman says that the pupa 

 has longer aud more numerous hairs than those of most of the 

 " blues," but this is probably correlated with the pupal hyber- 

 nating habit, and has no really important generic value ; that 

 of En: res (argiades) has longer hairs, but they are less numerous. 

 The species hybernate (at least so far as those whose life-histories 

 are known are concerned) in the pupal stage. In our European species 

 individuals of the first, second, and third broods may go over the winter 



