392 BEITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



anal angle, in others it is continued broadly along the inner margin." 

 It is generally supposed that this difference in the width of the marginal 

 band is essentially seasonal, the narrower band being characteristic of 

 the females of the first, and the broader band of the second, brood, but 

 this is only approximately true, as, even in Britain, either form may be 

 occasionally met with in both broods, and, in southern Europe, the spring- 

 emerging individuals often have bands quite as broad as those of the 

 second brood in Britain ; Kane observes that the females of the spring 

 brood, in Ireland, appear to be very heavily banded, and Enoch notes 

 (Ent. Rec, iv., p. 306) that very dark- banded females sometimes occur 

 in the spring brood, one very dark female was taken in April, 1893, at 

 Torquay, whilst Sabine records (Ent., xxxiii., p. 303) a female of the 

 first brood, unusually suffused with black in all four wings, taken at 

 Erith, in 1900 ; Lang states that, although in his experience all 

 the broad-bordered females captured in England have been of the 

 later brood, yet, on one occasion, he captured a narrow-bordered female 

 in England, in August, and another in Switzerland, so that the 

 narrow-bordered female evidently occurs as an aberrant form of the 

 second generation (Ent., xvii., p. 232). The autumnal females not 

 only have the marginal band usually exceedingly broad on the fore- 

 wings, but sometimes also very pronounced on the hindwings, uniting 

 with the discoidal spot, and confining the blue to the central and 

 basal areas of the wings. Raynor further notes (in litt.), that some 

 third brood females, bred September, 1906, at Hazeleigh, were of the 

 summer form, the dark marginal cloud extending far enough along 

 the costal margin to touch the discoidal spot ; Rowland-Brown states 

 that the fore wings of the females taken in July, 1903, in Corsica, 

 between Tattone and Vizzavona, were nearly black and with the discoidal 

 spots very marked, whilst Jones observes that those of the Balearic Isles 

 are very like British examples, and not at all so fine as those taken in 

 Corsica. In Piedmont, in the district of Pesio, Norris captured a female on 

 August 31st, 1892, with very broad margin to forewings, and, in addition, 

 a border of black dots to the hindwings, and discoidal spot on upper 

 surface of forewings. Sheldon notes that the second- brood females 

 taken mid-July, between Martigny and Vernayaz, had broad dark 

 borders, identical with the British summer form ; Aigner-Abafi says 

 that, in Hungary, the black border of the female is often very broad 

 and the ground colour more approaching violet. Further, as to this 

 seasonal difference, Weir notes (Entom., xvii., pp. 195-6) that, in the 

 spring and autumn broods respectively : — 



(1) The $ of the spring brood has a broad hindmarginal black band on the 

 forewings, and a narrow, black, hindmarginal border on the hindwings, and, just 

 within this, a series of six transversely oblong black spots. The ? s of this spring 

 emergence closely resemble Edwards' figures of marginata (Butts. Nth. America, 

 ii., Lyc.pl. ii., fig. 4), but are lighter on the undersides of the wings than fig. 3 of the 

 same plate, which shows the underside of the same variety. 



(2) The ? s of the autumnal brood are very much more suffused with black. It 

 may be said that the $ s of the first generation are blue on the upperside of the 

 forewings with a black hindmargin ; but the ? s of the second generation are black 

 on the upperside of the forewings, with the centre of the wings suffused with blue. 

 Lang (Butts. Europe, pi. xxxi., fig 1) has figured the ? of the spring brood; his 

 description, however, appears to be made from a specimen of the autumnal emer- 

 gence. The 2 s of this second emergence have a more or less well-defined black 

 discoidal spot on the upperside of the forewings, and agree very closely with pseud- 

 argiolus figured by Edwards, and later named by him var. arizonensis (Butts. Nth. 

 America, ii., Lye. pl.ii., fig, 19). 



