414 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



submarginal series of bent bars, making the markings of the outer border unusually 

 heavy, while the spear-shaped markings of the submarginal row are retained, 

 intensified, particularly on the hindwings ; in the forewings the spot of the next to 

 the lower subcostal interspace is retained independent of the outer markings, 

 although removed far toward the border ; at the base of the hindwings, the lower 

 spot is absent, while the spots of the costo-subcostal interspace and of the cell are 

 enlarged and deepened in tint, and are, perhaps, a very little nearer the base than 

 usual; the apex of the cell is only marked by a slender, pale, fuscous streak, so 

 that the centre of the hindwings, instead of being heavily blotched and infuscated, 

 is almost entirely of the pale ash-grey of the basal colour of the wing, while the 

 marginal markings are broadened, and, on their inner margin, deepened in tint, 

 presenting an appearance in marked contrast with the normal type of lucia. The 

 uppersurface, however, leaves no doubt to which of the forms of the species we 

 should refer this aberrant individual. A very similar specimen*, but with the disc 

 of the hindwings beneath heavily infuscated, is figured by Edwards in The Butts. 

 Nth. Amer., ii., Lye. pi. ii., fig. 25 (Scudder). 



This form would appear to be quite different from the ab. subtus- 

 radiata of Oberthiir, in which the extramesial row of spots is continued 

 inwards, whilst the submarginal series of bent bows are quite 

 unaffected. Nor is it, as suggested by Scudder, at all similar to 

 Edwards' fig. 25, described above as ab. brunnea. 



f. ab. subtusjuncta, n. ab. Pseudargiolus ab., Scudd., "Butts. New Engl.," 

 ii., p. 934 (1889). — A rather curious ? , showing an exceedingly early stage of suffusion 

 in the same direction as the above (pseudora), was taken by Sprague, in Wollaston, 

 Mass., on May 10th. The only way in which it differs from the ordinary 2 s, in 

 which the submesial transverse band is distinct, is in the running together of the 

 costo-subcostal spots of the series (which are here nearer the base than usual, being 

 in direct and straight continuation of the dusky streak closing the cell) with the 

 same spots of the basal series forming, in the costo-subcostal interspace, a striking, 

 dumb-bell-shaped bar, whose outer extremity is connected beneath with a 

 continuous, slenderer, curved streak, formed of the discal streak and the lower 

 spots of the submesial series, and together forming a capital cursive T (7~) upon 

 one side, and its reverse on the other. 



Scudder here uses the term " suffusion " in the sense of the union 

 of the spots linearly. One is unable to tell from Scudder's description 

 whether this union takes place on the forewing, the hindwing, or both. 

 One suspects it is the hindwing from the description. 



77. ab. marginata, Edw., " Pap.," iii., p. 86 (1883) ; " Butts, of Nth. Amer.," 

 ii., Lye. pi. i., figs. 3, 4, pp. 4, 5 (1884) ; Dyar, "List Nth. Amer. Lep.," p. 45 

 (1902). — [Kirby had described lucia in 1837, and had, fortunately, given a well- 

 executed and coloured figure of it. His description does not agree with his figure, 

 varying in several important particulars, but, as he says that only one specimen 

 was taken by the Expedition, I apprehend that the careful figure should be our 

 guide rather than the less careful description, especially as the figure really 

 represents a common boreal form of the butterfly. The description says : 

 "Wings above, silvery-blue," etc. The coloured figure shows the basal area 

 of the underside of the secondaries to be whitey-brown, and there is a 

 conspicuous blackish, triangular patch on the disk at the origin of the median 

 nervules, of which the text is silent ; the extra discal area is scarcely 

 whiter than the basal, and is not composed of white spots, as would be 

 understood by the description. It is merely the uninterrupted white ground 

 of that part of the wing. Also the margins by no means represent obsolete 

 eyelets, as stated, but heavy dark confluent crenations. I believe the typical 

 lucia, as our collectors understand it, has a more or less conspicuous black discal 

 patch, as indicated in Kirby's figure, and a heavy black border.* As witness to 

 this, Scudder describes (Can. Ent., viii., p. 62) lucia as having the spots of the under- 



* Edwards' fig. 25 (our ab. brunnea) certainly shows no approach, nor attempt 

 at union, between the extramesial transverse row of spots and the curved arches on 

 the margin of the wing, which is specially noted as the main feature in pseudora. 



* Compare this with Edwards' early critical remarks on this species, in his 

 original description of violacea (postea p. 416). 



