CELASTEINA ARGIOLUS. 457 



principally of 2 s." One suspects this observation is due to the fact 

 that the 2 s of the spring brood are, in gardens and shrubberies, 

 usually high-up (on the holly-trees) for oviposition, those of the 2 s of 

 the autumn brood, comparatively low down (on ivy). Newman says 

 that it is regularly double- brooded in the Dartford district, averaging- 

 April 24th-25th, and July lst-2nd, for the first appearances of the 

 respective broods. Grover notes that, at Guildford, in Surrey, the 

 first brood was well out on April 10th, 1894, but not abundant till 

 May 9th, in 1896, the second brood well out by July 15th, the 2 s of 

 this latter brood scarce, quite 99 per cent, appeared to be $ s. In 

 1897, the first brood rather scarce, the earliest specimens being seen on 

 April 26th, the second brood much scarcer, and not till August 5th." 

 Clark says that, "in Cornwall, the spring brood is always more plentiful 

 than the autumn one, the latter not appearing at all in cold wet seasons, 

 ■e.g., 1903 ; in this latter year, near Newquay, not an example could 

 be found in August, where hundreds had been seen the previous year." 

 Mason observes that, "at Clevedon, the early brood was unusually abun- 

 dant in April and May, 1896, after a mild winter, the spring brood being 

 generally rare here, and the second-brood more abundant, yet Tetley says 

 that, "in w T est Somerset, the species occurs sparingly in both broods, the 

 second, however, occurring rarely." The following are years in which 

 the species has been noted as having had particularly strong double- 

 broods — the second-brood already very abundant on June 19th-20th, in 

 the hot summer of 1868, at Taplow (A. H. Clarke) ; very abundant in 

 August, 1872, in Sark (Luff) ; swarmed in August, 1878, at St. Austell 

 (Hodge) ; second-brood common August 11th- August 20th, 1886, 

 near Plymouth (Prideaux); second-brood abundant, August, 1887, at 

 Brambletye Castle, near Forest Row (Blaber); abundant from July 16th, 

 1887, onwards, in South Devon (Prideaux); second-brood abundant, 

 August, 1893, in Sark (Hodges), and in July, 1893, at Sandown (Prout), 

 yet the second-brood was not seen at Dorking in 1893 (Prideaux); the 

 second-brood abundant, August, 1895, at Carisbrooke, but very scarce in 

 May, in the Isle of Wight (Prideaux); in 1896, a fairly numerous first- 

 brood at Oxton, which appeared about a fortnight later than usual, 

 and a very numerous second-brood the earliest examples of which were 

 noticed on July 5th (Studd), the second-brood already well out July 8th, 

 1896, at Bude (Sheldon), extremely abundant, July, 1896, at Sandown 

 (Prout), also in Suffolk, Ipswich, etc. (Burrows), Epping Forest, but 

 the $ s observed far outnumbered the 2 s (Garland); also exceptionally 

 abundant, August and September, 1899, in Guernsey (Low T e) ; in 1900, 

 first observed May 19th, at Harrow Weald, but, in the first week of 

 August, both sexes were abundant and were observed flying in profusion 

 on the road between Harefieldand St. Giles (Rowland- Brown), both broods 

 also very abundant in 1900, at Reigate, first-brood April 2lst-June9th, 

 second-brood, July 23rd to August 29th (Prideaux), and very abundant in 

 July, 1900, in Westcombe Park district (Tutt), as also at Hammersmith 

 (Bird), at Dartmouth, in August, 1900 (Bankes), and at Pevensey and 

 Hurstmonceux in September, 1900 (Adkin); first-brood common in 

 Surrey, Reigate, etc., from April 22nd, 1901, second-brood from July 

 15th to August 22nd (Prideaux), also from July 20th onwards, at 

 Dorking (Oldaker), and common in August, 1901, in the London district, 

 Blackheath (Dannatt), Lee (Carr), Lewisham, the last week of July 

 until August 12th (McLachlan), Margate, up to mid- September 



