474 BRITISH BUTTERFLIES. 



northern hemisphere, and entering the subtropical regions at Mexico 

 and Guatemala in the New World, and India in the Old World, its 

 habitats are varied enough, extending from the woodlands of the south 

 of Lapland to the jungles of India and the desert-borders of Algeria and 

 Morocco, from Ireland to Japan, from British Columbia to Labrador, 

 and Yukon to Mexico and Guatemala. Scudder says that the species, 

 in North America, haunts open deciduous woods, whether dry or 

 swampy, at the borders of which, or in their open shade, or by the 

 roadsides in their vicinity, it flutters in great numbers, for, wherever 

 found, it appears to be abundant, possessing, as Edwards well puts it, 

 the whole country. It settles about damp spots, and, in the west, is 

 never found on the prairies, but at the bottom of the deep wooded 

 ravines beside the streams. The Indian forms coeletthia and huegelii 

 are said to have exactly the same range and to be equally common, 

 occurring throughout the outer ranges of the Western Himalayas, 

 from Kashmir and Murree to Naini Tal, affecting the barberry-bushes. 

 They are reported from as low as 3500 feet at Bagheswar, and as 

 high as 12000 feet at Garbyan. The species is very rare on the 

 heights of the Pamir (Fedtschenko), but common in many parts of 

 China, e.g., at Kiukiang, on the Yangtse river, about 500 miles from 

 the sea (Leech). In the Lebanon and Antilebanon districts it is 

 plentiful from 3000 feet to 5000 feet throughout, especially at Afka, 

 and in deep bushy lanes near Bludan, a village 4850 feet above the 

 sea, immediately below the Djebel Chekif, the highest point in the 

 northern Antilebanon (Nicholl) ; it occurs at the mouth of the 

 Dog river, some miles from Beyrout, at the foot of the hillside, 

 covered with aromatic plants, mint, thyme, basil, etc. (Graves). Of its 

 British habitats, there seems certainly to be some partiality exhibited for 

 limestone and chalk districts. Kane says that, in Ireland, it is locally 

 abundant in woodlands where holly is abundant, but not occurring, so 

 far as has been noticed, in the unsheltered districts where holly occurs. 

 There are no really satisfactory records of its occurrence in Scotland, 

 and in Great Britain its most northerly points appear to be in Lanca- 

 shire,Westmorland, Durham, and Cumberland where the species appears 

 to be. most plentiful in the limestone districts; it is common among 

 hollies at Grange, becomes very thinly strewn at Windermere, and 

 appears to be entirely absent in the Cumberland Lake district ; only 

 a single record or so appears for the Carlisle district, but in Northum- 

 berland it appears again, most frequently, too, in the limestone 

 districts (Hodgkinson). Eobson states that Hodgkinson later informed 

 him that this Northumberland reference was an error. About five 

 miles east of Cambridge, in a low meadow of coarse grass, adjoining a 

 shrubbery, and bordered by a rivulet, the butterfly was, in the end of 

 August, 1830, in great numbers; again, in the spring of 1831, in the 

 same place, it was present, yet much less numerous, whilst in the 

 autumn of that year none were observed (Ventris). In the Burton - 

 on-Trent district the species occurs in woods where hollies attain their 

 full growth (Thornewill). It is abundant in Sutton Park and in the lanes 

 among the holly-hedges in Warwickshire. It occurs throughout the 

 Malvern range, but is most abundant on the " Holly Bush Hill," 

 where holly-trees grow luxuriantly, and here it is double-brooded, the 

 examples of the second-brood flitting over bramble-blossom, etc. (Imms). 

 In Somerset both broods abound in the gardens and woodland 



