402 Geological Society* 



III. Lowee Ceetaceous. 



N. Apfcien. 

 1. Upper. 



O. Neocornien. 

 P. Valengien. 



2. " On the Structure aud Affinities of Sigillaria and allied 

 genera." By W. Carruthers, Esq., F.L.S., F.G.S. 



The author indicated the characters of the medullary rays of dico- 

 tyledonous stems, and stated that these stems have a vascular hori- 

 zontal system connected with the axial organs, in which respect the 

 dicotyledonous and acrogenous stems agree. The woody columns of 

 Stigmaria and Sigillaria are destitute of medullary rays, the struc- 

 tures previously described as such being the vascular bundles run- 

 ning to the rootlets and leaves. Hence the author concluded that 

 Sigillaria is a true cryptogam — a position supported by the charac- 

 ters of the organs of reproduction as described by Goldenberg. The 

 paper concluded with an enumeration of the forms of fruits belong- 

 ing to Sigillaria and its allied genera, with indications of the exist- 

 ing forms to which they most nearly approach. 



3. " On the British Species of the Genera Climacograpsus, Diplo- 

 grapsus, Dicranograpsus, and Didymograpsus" By H. Alleyne Nichol- 

 son, D.Sc, M.B., F.G.S. 



The author stated that all the genera referred to in this paper 

 appear to be exclusively of Lower Silurian age, — Climacograpsus and 

 Diplograpsus occurring almost throughout the Lower Silurianseries, 

 whilst the other two genera belong chiefly to the Llandeilo series of 

 rocks, or to strata of corresponding position out of Britain. 



The British species of the above genera admitted by the author 

 are : — 

 Climacograpsus teretiusculus (His.). 



■ bicornis (Hall). 



tuberculatus, Nick., sp. n. 



Diplograpsus tamariscus, Nich. 



putillus (Hall). 



nodosus, HarJcn. 



pinnatus, HarJcn. 



— , sp. 



Dicranograpsus ramosus (Hall). 



D:'dymogx'apsus Murcliisoni (Beck). 



affinis, Nich., sp. n. 



divaricatus (Hall). 



anceps, Nich. 



ilaccidus (Hall). 



sextans (Hall). 



Diplograpsus pristis (His.). 



mucronatus (Hall). 



Whitfieldii (Hall). 



Harknessii, Nick. 



• confertus, Nich. 



— — — cometa, Gein. 



palmeus, Barr. 



acuniinatus, Nich. 



vesiculosus, Nich. 



pristiniformis (Hall). 



The paper included descriptions of the supposed embryonic states 

 of several of the species. 



April 14th, 1869.— Prof. Huxley, LL.D., F.E.S., President, 

 in the Chair. 

 The following communicationo were read : — 

 1. " On the Coal-mines at Kaianoma, in the Island of Yezo." By 

 F. 0. Adams, Esq., Hon. Secretary of Legation in Japan. 



The writer states that the works at Kaianoma have made con- 



