and  the  Magnetic  Relations  of  the  Heavenly  Bodies.        447 
only  give  in  proof  of  this  the  facts  which  Lamont  describes  in 
his  often-cited  work  (p.  277)  in  the  following  words  : — 
"  Kreil  has  given  many  cases  where  magnetic  disturbances  coin- 
cided with  earthquakes  ;  hence  he  thinks  a  connexion  between  the 
two  phenomena  probable.  I  have  observed  myself  an  extremely 
curious  case  in  this  respect.  On  the  18th  of  April  1842,  at  10 
minutes  past  9  o' clock  in  the  morning,  I  saw  by  chance  that  the 
needle  of  the  declination-instrument  received  a  sudden  jerk,  so 
that  the  scale  was  pushed  out  of  the  field  of  view  of  the  telescope. 
The  oscillations  continued  for  some  time ;  at  last  the  ordinary 
tranquillity  was  restored. 
a  After  some  days  I  received  the  news  from  Colia,  in  Parma, 
that  he  had  observed  violent  oscillations  of  the  needle;  and 
comparison  showed  that  the  movement  had  begun  at  the  same 
moment  in  Parma  as  in  Munich.  A  short  time  afterwards 
the  report  of  a  French  engineer  was  published,  on  a  vio-  * 
lent  earthquake  which  he  had  observed  in  Greece ;  and  now  it 
was  [found  that  the  earthquake  had  taken  place  in  the  same 
minute  in  which  the  oscillations  of  the  needle  had  been  observed 
in  Parma  and  Munich.  This,  together  with  the  many  cases  col- 
lected by  Kreil  and  Colla,  leaves  scarcely  any  doubt  as  to  the 
presence  of  a  closer  connexion ;  but  it  is  undecided  whether  one 
phenomenon  is  the  consequence  of  the  other,  or  whether  they 
come  both  from  the  same  source/'' 
The  same  connexion  between  earthquakes  and  magnetic  dis- 
turbances was  observed  by  Lamont  at  the  earthquake  which  took 
place  in  Greece  in  December  1861.  He  communicates  his  ob- 
servations to  PoggendorfPs  Annalen  (vol.  cxv.  p.  176)  in  the 
following  words : — 
"  As  the  connexion  of  the  magnetism  of  the  earth  with  earth- 
quakes still  belongs  to  the  insufficiently  ascertained  relations,  it 
will  not  appear  irrelevant  if  I  communicate  a  fact  bearing  upon 
this  question.  On  the  26th  of  December,  1861,  at  8  o'  clock  a.m., 
when  I  took  down  the  position  of  the  magnetical  instruments 
(six  of  which  are  put  up  in  the  magnetical  observatory,  viz.  two 
for  declination,  two  for  intensity,  and  two  for  dip),  I  observed 
in  all  the  instruments  an  uncommon  restlessness,  consisting 
in  a  quick  and  irregular  decrease  and  increase  in  the  declina- 
tion, and  at  the  same  time  a  trembling  in  the  vertical  direction. 
The  trembling  of  the  needle  only  lasted  for  a  short  time ;  but 
the  quick  changes  lasted  until  8|  o'clock  with  graduallyincreasing 
violence.  Some  days  later  the  news  was  received  of  an  earthquake 
which,  exactly  coincident  with  the  above  observation,  had  caused 
great  destruction  in  many  parts  of  Greece. 
"  Hereby  it  is  again  established,  not  only  that  the  shaking 
of  the  earth  which  is  caused  by  an  earthquake  is  propagated 
