CLIMATE OF THE VALLEY OF THE HUDSON. 



23 



without an exception, the thermometer has fallen there lower than the average of the 

 State, generally from 3° to 6° ; and over 5° on an average lower than a) Albany. Kinder- 

 hook is nearly as remarkable for its extreme cold in winter. These remarks must be 

 understood as applying- only to the hottest and coldest days in each year, and not to the 

 average of the seasons. The latter I have not had time to examine. 



The climate indicated by the observations at Mount Pleasant in Westchester county, 

 resembles in all respects that on the west end of Long Island, and appears to be subject 

 to the same influences. 



North-Salem, like Kinderhook and Lansingburgh, appears to be subject to great extremes 

 of heat and cold, considering its latitude and situation. It is remarkable for its early frosts, 

 which for twelve years past have occurred there ten days sooner than the average of the 

 State, and more than a fortnight sooner than in the valley of the Hudson generally. 



As we ascend the Hudson, the opening of spring becomes gradually' later, the difference 

 between the vicinity of New-York and Albany being about a week. North-Salem, Goshen 

 and Montgomery being situated at some distance from the river, vegetation seems to be no 

 more forward at those places than at Hudson, which is nearly one hundred miles farther 

 north. 



The observations at Cambridge, Salem and Granville, indicate a climate of entirely 

 different character in most respects. From their greater elevation as well as higher latitude, 

 the climate becomes more rigid. The extreme cold of winter is more intense by 10° than 

 at any place on the Hudson south of Lansingburgh, and the spring opens several days 

 later. 



III. THE VALLEY OF THE MOHAWK. 



Localities observed. Schenectady, Johnstown, Canajoharie, Fairfield, Utica, Whitesborough. 

 TABLE I. Comparison between calculated and observed temperatures. 



LOCALITIES. 



Number of 



years 

 observed. 



Latitude. 



Elevation. 



Temperature 

 due to latitude 

 and elevation 



Observed 

 temperature. 



Variation of 

 observed from 



calculated 

 temperature. 



Canajoharie 



5 



11 



3 



13 



17 



7 



i>° IS' 

 43 00 



42 53 



43 05 

 43 06 

 43 08 



t Elevation 



|200ft. 



# 2S4 



1185 



473 



450 



stimated. 



47°.45 



47. US 

 44.20 

 46.20 

 46.21 



460,48 

 15.19 



1". 1- 

 43.51 

 45.49 

 45.59 



— 0°.67 



— 1.60 



— 0.69 



— 0.71 



— 0.62 





