CONTENTS. XI 



CHAPTER VI. 



THE NEW-YORK SYSTEM. 

 General view of the New-York system, page 113. Classification of the New-York rocks, 114. Note on geological 

 periods, 115. Champlain division, 117: Potsdam sandstone, 117; Calciferous sandstone, IIS; Chazy limestone, 

 122; Birdseye limestone, 122; Isle Lamotte marble, 123; Trenton limestone, 123 ; Utica slate, 123 ; Loraine shales, 

 12-1 ; Oneida conglomerate, 125. Agricultural relations of the Champlain division, 129. Waters of the Champlain 

 division, 130. Fractures in the Champlain division, 133. Thickness of the Champlain division, 13S. Ontario 

 division, 141: Medina sandstone, 142 ; Clinton group, 144; Niagara group, 150. Thickness of the Ontario division, 

 152. Helderberg division, 153 : Onondaga-salt group, 153; Pentamerus limestone, 166; Delthyris shaly limestone, 

 167; Encrinal limestone, 16S; Oriskany sandstone, 168; Cauda-galli grit, 171; Schoharie grit, 174; Onondaga 

 limestone, 174. Thickness of the Helderberg division, 173. Erie division, ISO: Marcellus slate, 1S1 ; Hamilton 

 shales, 1S3 ; Tully limestone, 1S6. Catskill division, 1S7 : Portage and Chemung groups, 188 ; Catskill group, 193 

 Equivalents of the Devonian system, 19S. New Red sandstone, 200. Tertiary system, 202. Marl and peat, 204. 



CHAPTER VII. 



SOILS OF NEW-YORK. 



Origin of soils, page 207. Distribution of soils, 209 : Phenomena of diluvial action, 209 ; Distribution of soils by 

 diluvial action, 212; Causes of diluvial action, 214. Relations of soils to the underlying rocks, 218. Elements of 

 soils, 220. Classification of soils, 229. Temperature of soils, 231. Table comparing the temperature of the earth 

 and the air, 232. Composition of the soils of New- York, 234. Analysis of soils of the Highland district, 236 ; of 

 the Taconic district, 242 ; of the Hudson and Mohawk district, 255 ; of the Western district, 270 ; of the Southern 

 district, 307 ; of the Atlantic district, 313. Analysis of waters of the Taconic district, 250 ; of the Hudson and 

 Mohawk district, 263; of the Western district, 298; of the Southern district, 314. Climate of the Taconic district, 

 252; of the Hudson and Mohawk district, 268; of the Western district, 303; of the Southern district, 315; of the 

 Atlantic district, 321. Improvement of the soil of the Taconic district, 253; of the Hudson and Mohawk district, 

 262; of the Western district, 297; of the Southern district, 313 ; of the Atlantic district, 320. Comparison of the 

 soils of the different districts, 323. Quantity of maize and oats harvested in the several districts in the year 1345, 

 326. Observations on analysis, 327. Analysis of soils from the Taconic district, 330. Analysis of soils from the 

 Western district, 336. Soils tested for soluble silica and the phosphates, 344. Sources of the phosphates, 345. 

 Premium crops of wheat, maize and oats, 343. Absorptive and retentive powers of soils, 351. Tables of the com- 

 position of the limestones, shales, slates and marls, 354. General summary, 358. 



Description of the geological map Page 361 



Explanation of the agricultural map 361 



Explanation" of the plat«:'; 363 



Explanation of the engravings 368 



