132 CHAMPLA1N DIVISION. 



below the drift Band and days of the valley ; and as the -lairs are absent, or distant two 

 miles at Least, we ma; also infer thai the waters do not originate in them, but probably 

 are connected with «>r rise out of the fault or fracture which lias been already described. 

 I made maiiv careful observations on the temperature of all these springs, which 1 deem 

 proper to insert in litis place. 



The temperature of Congress spring was 50° Depth 12 feet. 



Washington .. 49 .. 22 



Hamilton ._. 49 .. 1G 



Putnam .. 49 ..20 



Pavilion 48£ .. 38 



Flalrock .. 50 .. 14 



Highrock .. 511 .. 8 



Iodine .. 50 .. 7 



The Pavilion spring constantly overflows, and resembles a boiling fountain, from the 

 rapid rise and escape of carbonic acid. Putnam spring rises out of sand. Washington 

 spring rises out of a blue clay and pebbles : this is ferruginous. 



One mile northeast from the springs whose temperatures I have jusl given, are ten other 

 springs, whose general character is the same. The temperature is as follows : 



Brook spring 51° 



Union 51 



Jackson 56 



Twins 58 



The five remaining springs are too much exposed, and open to the incursion of rain- 

 water, so that observations are of no consequence. The Union spring is equal to the 

 Congress for drinking. Jackson and the Twins are much exposed to variation of tempe- 

 rature, in consequence of their unprotected state. These ten springs are in a deeper part 

 of the valley, which is tilled with blue clay that has been bored into to the depth of eighty 

 feet without reaching its bottom ; still it is not improbable thai all these springs are directly 

 connected with fractures of the upper cluster of springs, but issue from it at certain points 

 which prevenl their reaching the surface immediately. 



In addition to the spring already noticed, there are two others of fresh water situated a 

 little to the west of the main valley, whose temperatures are 49° ; and a well near by, 

 with temperature of 48 D : these are shaded and protected from the direct influence of 

 external heat. Good water, in this neighborhood, is readily obtained by wells at the 

 depth only of sixteen or eighteen feet. 



An interesting fact which can not escape the notice of the most careless observer, is, that 

 these springs, though situated very near each cither, and probably having one common 

 origin, yet differ very materially in composition. Perhaps it may be said that this very 

 difference disproves the assumption of their common origin. It may be so : still the cir- 

 cum upon the whole, go to prove that they arc connected with the fault; and if 



so, the assumption does not militate against any fact or principle. 



