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P. Dryopteris (L. ) Fee. Oak Fern. Plentiful in rich, moist 

 woods, occasionally in company with P. Phcgopteris. Fronds 

 small, quite like the bracken in miniature. This species is very 

 pleasing in cultivation. Fronds are produced throughout the 

 summer. 



DRYOPTERIS Alans. 



D. Thelypteris (L. ) A.Gray. Lady Fern. Marsh Shield Fern. 

 Abundant in swamps, wet woods and other low grounds. Fronds 

 lanceolate, nearly twice pinnate on long stipes. Fruit on the back 

 of fronds late in the season. In shade this fern is usually com- 

 pletely sterile. {Aspidium Thelypteris Sw.) 



D. Noveboracensis (L. ) A. Gray. New York Fern. Common 

 in moist woods, especially in uplands. Stipe short; frond very 

 thin, tapering both ways from the middle. Distinguished from 

 the preceding, which it closely resembles, by the thinner texture 

 of the frond and by the pinnae gradually narrowing to mere 

 ears at base. The bruised foliage of this species is sweet- 

 scented, and forms another means of distinguishing it from 

 D. Thelypteris. A delicate species. (Aspidium Novebora- 

 censis Sw. ) 



D. spinulosa (Retz) Kuntze. Spinulose Shield Fern. Not 

 common. Found throughout, but much less common than the 

 following sub-species. Fronds tall, ovate, bi-pinnate, the pin- 

 nules with spinulose teeth. The fronds are produced in early 

 spring, several in a clump and are half evergreen. {Aspidium 

 spin it/ os u in Sw. ) 



D. spinulosa intermedia (Muhl. ) Underw. Spinulose Shield- 

 Fern. One of the commonest of ferns. Found in woodlands 

 wet or dry. Resembles D. spinulosa, but with the pinnae and 

 pinnules more crowded and finely dissected. A very pretty and 

 decorative plant, excellent for growing in the outdoor fernery. 

 {A spinulosum, var. intermedium D. C. Eaton.) 



D. spinulosa dilatata (Hoffm. ) Underw. Much less common 

 than the type and usually found at higher elevations. It is a 

 difficult matter for the beginner to properly separate Dryopteris 

 spinulosa from its varieties. The fronds vary somewhat in 

 shape, and it is only with an abundance of material that one can 

 distinguish the limits of the forms. {Aspidium spinulosum,. 

 var. dilatation Hook. ) 



