8 



ted soil of the Eastern States will recover, and forests 

 Avhere they have been wantonly destroyed will be 

 replanted," adding: "that as the population in- 

 creases, the resources of the country will be more 

 carefully husbanded, and it is for that work now 

 that botanical gardens are so necessary, for not only 

 are forests destroyed, but the most useful species of 

 plants, as I have said, perish from neglect, wanton 

 destruction, climatic changes and other causes. 

 One or two illustrations will suffice to show how 

 botanical gardens arrest and prevent this. The 

 cinchona tree, from which Ave get the quinine, so 

 indispensable both as a preventive and for the cure of 

 the malarious fevers which exist so extensively over 

 the globe, was found only in Peru, and, from the 

 great demand for it, the trees Avere so wantonly 

 destroyed that there was serious apprehension 

 of its total extinction in a very short time. Dr. 

 Hooker, of the botanical gardens at Kcav, near London, 

 induced a very capable gentleman, Mr. Clements M. 

 Markham, to go to Peru, and study the climateric 

 conditions essential to the groAvth of the tree, that it 

 might be transplanted to other parts of the earth 

 Avhere the same favorable conditions exist. Mr. 

 Markham carefully studied the subject and brought 

 back with him a number of young trees, which 

 were carefully nursed at Kew. It Avas then de- 

 termined that a certain part of India would be 

 favorable, to Avhich they were sent and planted. 

 The experiment proved successful and there are now 



