pointed caps or calyptras, which are tilted on one side and all 

 point in one direction. As the Dicramims are all gregarious and 

 grow in colonies or cushions, on the ground or on old decaying 

 logs, and even on rocks, they make showy, dark-green or glossy 

 yellow-green mats. They are often gathered to fill in the 

 windows of fish stores and florists, and may be seen in many of 

 the better shops of Manhattan. Dicfanum scoparium, the 

 " Broom-Moss," not only tilts all its capsules one way, but also 

 bends its leaves all in one direction like the bristles of a hair- 

 broom, whence its specific name, scoparium. It grows on the 

 ground in Bronx Park, in wet woods, and also in various other 

 places in the Borough of the Bronx. Dicranum fulvum covers 

 with dark-green, velvety sheets the rocks in the Hemlock 

 Grove, but never has been known to fruit there, and D. montanum 

 has also been found there, but is rare. Dicranum flagellare, 

 " so-named because the young branches start out like bundles of 

 whips, grows on old, decaying logs in swampy woods, and is 

 wonderfully glossy and dark-green in color. About six species 

 in all are known to grow in the limits of the city. Dicranella 

 heteromalla, a first cousin to the Dicranums, is abundant at the 

 base of trees on lawns, along roadsides and in woods, and, as its 

 name implies, is a diminutive image of the Fork-Mosses. This 

 name is given them because the teeth which surround the mouth 

 of the capsule are all bifid or forked. Another relative of the 

 Dicranums is the White-Moss, Leucobryum glaucum, a tautological 

 name, emphasizing its pale-green color. Its leaves, like those 

 of the Peat-Mosses, are composed of cells having very large 

 air spaces, and little chlorophyll or leaf-green, so that the 

 whole moss is light in color. It grows in similar places in 

 woods, often with the Broom-Moss, and occasionally forms 

 large domes, like bee-hives, at the base of trees in swamps. It 

 is white only when dry. If saturated with moisture, as it often 

 is in winter, the color is a pale-green. 



Bartramia, the Apple-Moss, was named for John Bartram, of 

 Philadelphia, who corresponded with Linnaeus, and had one 

 of the earliest botanical gardens in this country. His old 

 home and garden, now within the limits of the City of 

 Philadelphia, has been preserved as a public park. Bartramia 

 pomifcrmis, is not a common moss in this region, though it does 

 grow in a few places in Bronx Park. It loves shady rocks and 

 rich leaf-mould, and its bright green curly leaves are a pretty 

 setting for the round brown capsules, which suggest an apple 

 in shape. 



