28 



NORMAN TAYLOR 



per cent, in the Seychelles it is 57 per cent. Upon Raunkiaer's 

 assumption that phanerophytes are typical ot warm and tropical 

 regions the figures of the local flora are somewhere near what one 

 would expect. 



In the flora of New York and vicinity 13 per cent of the wild 

 species are southern plants reaching their northern distribution out- 

 posts in the area within 100 miles of the city. We should expect to 

 find these southern plants exhibiting a greater percentage of growth- 

 forms characteristic of the warmer parts of the earth, than of those 

 characteristic of the north. In this same area, also, 8 per cent of the 

 native plants are typically northern and reach their southern distri- 

 bution outposts in the region within about one hundred miles of the 

 city. We should expect to find the percentages of growth-forms 

 characteristic of the north predominating in these northern species. 

 The following table gives the percentages of growth-forms in the 

 southern species, the northern species, and, for comparison, the 

 percentages in the whole native flora. The normal spectrum is in- 

 cluded again, for comparison. 



Percentages of Growth-forms in the Northern and Southern Species of 



the Flora of N. Y. and Vicinity that Reach their Distribution 



Outposts in the Area 



MG 



MS 



MC 



N 



CH 



H 



G 



HH 



20 



9 



27 



3 



1 



3.51 



5-29 



33-29 



20.23 



11.74 





7.83 



30.97 



20.53 



7-83 



a-55 



8-55 



26.31 



24-34 



23 



T 



Normal spectrum. . 

 Whole native flora. 

 Southern species. . . 

 Northern species. . . 



•52 



4-03 

 5.62 



I-3I 



17 



7.18 

 7.08 

 3-94 



13 

 13 

 14.92 



3-94 



There are, of course, hundreds of northern and southern species 

 that range north or south of the local flora area, 6 but it seemed best 

 to ignore these, and consider only those that find either their southerly 

 or northerly distribution outposts within the region. 



An analysis of these percentages of northern and southern species 

 shows that the main lines of Raunkiaer's scheme are admirably illus- 



6 The area included is as follows: All of the State of Connecticut; in New York 

 the counties bordering the Hudson River up to and including Columbia and Greene, 

 also Sullivan and Delaware counties, and all of Long Island; all of New Jersey; 

 and in Pennsylvania, Pike, Wayne, Monroe, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Northampton, 

 Lehigh, Carbon, Berks, Bucks, Schuylkill, Montgomery, Philadelphia, Delaware 

 and Chester counties. 



