(94) 



for the making of paper; in northern British America it is 

 the principal fuel of the Indians, as it burns freely when 

 green and without sparks; the inner bark, which is sweet, 

 is often used by them as a food in early spring. This tree 

 has been of great service in re-foresting large tracts which 

 have been denuded by fire; the long hairy appendages 

 to the seeds enable the wind to carry them far and wide, 

 and as they germinate quickly and the young seedlings 

 grow rapidly in exposed situations, it is admirably adapted 

 to the above purpose, quickly furnishing a covering for 

 the land until more desirable trees may get a foothold. 

 The white or silver-leaf poplar, of Europe and Asia, and 

 Bolle's poplar, a variety of this with lobed leaves and quite 

 ornamental, are here. Another ornamental tree and one 

 frequently used where quick growth is desired, is the 

 eastern cottonwood, or Carolina poplar, common in eastern 

 North America. There also is the Lombardy, or Italian 

 poplar, from Europe and Asia, with its tall spire-like 

 growth. Among the willows are the white willow, from 

 Europe, and the weeping willow, native of Asia, a tree 

 commonly planted for ornamental purposes, and sometimes 

 known as Napoleon's willow. An additional area to the 

 south, east of the long lake, is now being developed for the 

 willow family and the walnut family. 



The walnuts and their relatives may be found in the 

 region to the north of the willow family and south of the 

 path. The narrow-winged wing-nut, from China, is here. 

 Of the walnuts (Juglans), the English Walnut, native from 

 southeastern Europe to China, produces a most desirable 

 nut, often called Madeira nut; the Romans introduced it 

 into Italy, and from that place as a center its cultivation 

 has spread in all directions, both in the Old World and the 

 New; the nuts form a common article of food in southern 

 Europe; in Europe and northern India an oil, called walnut- 

 oil, used as a substitute for olive-oil, is obtained by sub- 

 jecting the seed-leaves to pressure. The black walnut 

 and the butternut are both wild elsewhere in the Garden, 



