(22) 



tobacco plant (Nicotiand) from different parts of America, 

 and a series of articles as prepared for the market. Closely 

 associated with tobacco are the masticatories or substances 

 used for chewing. One of the most widely known forms is 

 chewing gum, which is made by refining the crude chicle- 

 gum, which is the hardened milky juice of the sapodilla and 

 related plants. In rural districts the exudation of resin 

 found on the bark of conifers is used for chewing while still 

 in the crude condition, but this substance is now refined and 

 sold in our larger cities just as is the now more commonly 

 used chicle-gum. An adjacent case is given over to : 



Miscellaneous Specimens. Case 34. — In this case may be 

 seen the substances used in the manufacture of soap, insect 

 powders and related substances. 



Beverages, including Chocolate. Cases 35 to 38. — Bever- 

 ages are represented by both the non-alcoholic, as coffee, 

 tea, mate or Paraguay tea, Jersey tea and fruit juices, and 

 the alcoholic and malt beverages, as wine, beer, ale and 

 porter. In the block of cases devoted to beverages will be 

 found chocolate, which is derived from the seed of the choc- 

 olate tree {Theobroma). The collection there shown consists 

 of the chocolate fruits, the principal commercial varieties of 

 the seeds, unroasted and roasted, nibs of different degrees of 

 fineness, germs, cocoa-liquor, cocoa-butter, cocoa-cake, and 

 the same ground into " breakfast "-cocoa, with several vari- 

 eties of confectioners' chocolate, as put up for the market. 



Fixed and Volatile Oils. Cases 39 to 42. — The volatile 

 oils form a large series, and in their manufacture various 

 parts of the plants are used; for example, roots are used to 

 make the oils of lovage-root, elecampane and muskroot ; 

 rootstocks furnish the oils of calamus, ginger, orris root and 

 wild ginger; herbage is the source of the oils of pennyroyal, 

 tansy, spearmint and peppermint; wood furnishes the ma- 

 terial to make the oils of red cedar wood and sandalwood ; 

 bark is the source of the oils of birch, cinnamon and sassa- 

 fras ; leaves yield the oils of hemlock, spruce, pine, cedar, 

 eucalyptus and wintergreen ; flowers yield the oils of cloves, 



