(25) 



Jerusalem artichokes are rootstocks ; asparagus and poke 

 shoots are young stems ; lettuce, beet-tops, spinach and pars- 

 ley are leaves ; cauliflower and calamus-buds are inflores- 

 cences ; corn, rice, bananas, mulberries, gooseberries, apples, 

 tomatoes and oranges, are fruits ; while peanuts, walnuts, 

 hickorynuts, beans, almonds and chestnuts are seeds. 



Drugs. Cases 69 to 86 and 169 to 186. — The east hall 

 is given over to drugs. This, like the department of foods, is 

 large and important. The active principles or medicinal 

 agents are stored up in the tissues of the plant or in special 

 organs. The great majority of refined drugs are derived 

 from one or more of the parts of the plant, but in the case 

 of the white agaric, ergot, Irish moss, Iceland moss, winter- 

 green, sundew, bitter-sweet, pennyroyal, boneset and tansy 

 the whole plant is used. 



A few of the crude drugs arranged under the several plant- 

 organs they represent are as follows : sarsaparilla, poke-root, 

 rhubarb, aconite, queen's root, senega root, marshmallow, 

 man-in-the-ground and ipecac are roots ; calamus, ginger, 

 colic-root, Canadian snake-root, soapwort, mandrake, Amer- 

 ican ipecac, buckbean and stonewort are rootstocks ; san- 

 dalwood and quassia chips are woods ; sassafras medulla is 

 pith ; birch, slippery elm, sassafras, cinnamon, wild cherry, 

 horsechestnut, cascara, linden and cinchona are barks ; lau- 

 rel, hardhack, cherry laurel, peach, senna, coca and euca- 

 lyptus are leaves ; red-clover flowers, orange flowers, linden 

 flowers, heart's-ease, borage flowers, safflower, marigold 

 flowers, Roman chamomile, German chamomile and milfoil 

 flower are flowers and flower-heads ; saw palmetto, carda- 

 mon, cubebs, hops, star anise, poppy, rose hips, tamarind, 

 Tonka bean and colocynth are fruits ; colchicum seed, grain 

 of paradise, betel nut, mustard, delphinium seed, almonds, 

 calabar bean, Barbadoes nut, castor oil seed and henbane 

 seed are seeds. 



Woods. Cases 87 to 168. — The east wing is occupied by 

 woods. The exhibits fall under two main divisions, the one 

 consisting of a series of wood-specimens from all parts of the 



