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upright habit, and more graceful than the cottonvvood or 

 Carolina poplar; the American aspen, a native of northern 

 North America, the wood of which is largely manufactured 

 into pulp for the making of paper ; in northern British Am- 

 erica it is the principal fuel of the Indians, as it burns freely 

 when green and without sparks; the inner bark, which is 

 sweet, is often used by them as a food in early spring. This 

 tree has been of great service in re-foresting large tracts 

 which have been denuded by fire ; the long hairy appendages 

 to the seeds enable the wind to carry them far and wide, and 

 as they germinate quickly and the young seedlings grow 

 rapidly in exposed situations, it is admirably adapted to the 

 above purpose, quickly furnishing a covering for the land 

 until more desirable trees may get a foothold. Bolle's pop- 

 lar, a form of the white, or silver-leaf, poplar, is quite orna- 

 mental in its lobed leaves ; the white or silver-leaf poplar is 

 a native of Europe and Asia. Another ornamental tree and 

 one frequently used where quick growth is desired, is the 

 eastern cottonwood, or Carolina poplar, common in eastern 

 North America. There also is the Lombardy, or Italian, 

 poplar, from Europe and Asia, with its tall spire-like growth. 

 Among the willows are the golden willow, from eastern 

 North America, and the weeping willow, native of Asia, 

 a tree commonly planted for ornamental purposes, and some- 

 times known as Napoleon's willow. 



The walnuts and their relatives will be found to the west 

 of the nursery on the ridge. The narrow-winged wing-nut, 

 from China, and the Rhoeas-leaved wing-nut from Japan, 

 are both here. Of the walnuts (Juglans), the English 

 walnut, native from southeastern Europe to China, produces 

 a most desirable nut, often called Madeira nut ; the Romans 

 introduced it into Italy, and from that place as a center its 

 cultivation has spread in all directions, both in the Old World 

 and the New ; the nuts form a common article of food in 

 southern Europe ; in Europe and northern India an oil, 

 called walnut-oil, used as a substitute for olive-oil, is obtained 

 by subjecting the seed-leaves to pressure. The black walnut 



