BY FRED. TURNER. 385 



-the borders of many of the brushes, and its small flowers are strongly 

 but agreeably scented. Liliacece are well represented by genera 

 and species, many being widely distributed. They are found in 

 dense brushes, in open forest country, on mountain ranges, in 

 -damp situations, and on sandy tracts, both on the coast and 

 farther inland. The species consist of stout and slender climbing 

 and twining plants, shrubs, and perennial herbs, the last largely 

 predominating. Some are amongst the most interesting flowering 

 pi tnts of this region, and not a few have sweetly perfumed' 

 flowers. Occasionally a few species may be found producing 

 double flowers. There are no indigenous Pontederacece, but two 

 exotic species have become acclimatised, one of them, Eichhornia 

 speciosa Kunth, which has spread very much during recent years, 

 is proving a pest in some of the water-courses. Included under 

 Jnncacece are the curious "Grass-trees" (Xanthorrhoea spp.) of 

 which there are four species, generally growing on poor sandy 

 country. There are five species of Xerotes and ten of Juncus, 

 many of the latter being found in or near coastal swamps and in 

 damp situations farther inland. The four genera and species of 

 Pal nice are abundant in many parts, and give quite a tropical 

 appearance to the vegetation. Calamus muelleri Wendl. et 

 Drude, the only known climbing palm in this region, often 

 ascends trees in the dense forests to a considerable height. A 

 person once eotangled in the straight and recurved prickles with 

 which it is armed never wishes to repeat the experience. Kentia 

 monostachya F.v.M , forming in some parts miniature forests, is 

 known to the ruralists as the " Walking-stick " palm, seeing that 

 it is largely used for that purpose. Ptychosperma cunninghamii 

 Wendl., and Livistona aastralis Mart., are very tall handsome 

 palms, the former being the well-known " Bangalow," and the 

 latter the " Cabbage-tree Palm." I have eaten the soft portion, 

 immediately below the crown of leaves, of the " Bangalow," 

 and found it, when properly cooked, a good substitute for 

 •ordinary garden vegetables. The leaves of Livistona australis 

 Wart., were formerly employed for making hats, hence its 

 common name. Pandanus pedunculatus R.Br., of the Pandanece 



