Vpper Cretaceous Series in West Suffolk and Norfolk. 285 



creasing, or preglacial time, and that during which the cold was 

 diminishing, or postglacial time. 



Details were then given to show that the estimate of one foot on 

 an average being removed from the surface by denudation in 6000 

 years, on which estimate was founded the hypothesis of 80,000 

 years having elapsed since the Glacial epoch, was insufficient, as a 

 somewhat heavier rainfall and the disintegrating effects of frost 

 would produce far more rapid denudation. It was incredible that 

 man should have remained physically unchanged throughout so long 

 a period. At the same time the evidence brought forward by Mr. 

 Tiddeinan, Dr. Hicks, and Mr. Skertchly of the occurrence of 

 human relics in preglacial times, had led the author to change his 

 views as to the age of the high-level gravels in the Somme, Seine, 

 Thames, and Avon valleys, and he was now disposed to assign these 

 beds to the early part of the Glacial epoch, when the ice-sheet was 

 advancing. This advance drove the men who then inhabited 

 western Europe to localities such as those mentioned which were 

 not covered with ice. Man must, however, have occupied the 

 country but a short time before the land was overwhelmed by the 

 ice-sheet. The close of the Glacial epoch, i. e. the final melting of 

 the ice-sheet, might have taken place from 8000 to 10,000 years since. 

 Neolithic man made his appearance in Europe 3000 to 4000 years 

 B.C., but may have existed for a long time previously in the east, as 

 in Egypt and Asia Minor civilized communities and large States 

 flourished at an earlier date than 4000 b.c 



3. " Notes on some Carboniferous Species of Murchisonia in our 

 Public Museums." By Miss Jane Donald. 



June 8.— Prof. J. W. Judd, E.R.S., President, in the Chair. 

 The following communications were read : — 



1. "A Revision of the Echinoidea from the Australian Ter- 

 tiaries." By Prof. P. Martin Duncan, M.B., F.G.S. 



2. " On the Lower Part of the Upper Cretaceous Series in West 

 Suffolk and Norfolk." By A. J. Jukes-Brown, Esq., B.A., E.G.S., 

 and W. Hill, Esq., E.G.S. 



The district described in this paper is that of "West Suffolk and 

 Norfolk, and is one which has never been thoroughly examined ; for 

 no one has yet attempted to trace the beds and zonal divisions which 

 are found at Cambridge through the tract of country which lies 

 between Newmarket and Hunstanton. Until this was done the 

 Hunstanton section could not be correlated definitely with that of 

 the neighbourhood of Cambridge. It was the Authors' endeavour 

 to accomplish this, and the following is an outline of the results 

 obtained by them. 



The paper was divided into six parts : — (1) Stratigraphical, (2) 

 Palseontological, (3) Microscopical, (4) Chemical Analyses, (5) Faults 

 and Alteration of Strike, (6) Summary and Inferences. In the four 

 first parts separate lines of argument were followed, and each led to 

 the same set of conclusions. 



