REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR AND STATE GEOLOGIST 1901 r41 



cuse to Canastota the canal, by taking advantage of the river- 

 graded stretches, is enabled to dispense with locks and to 

 preserve a single level, the water surface being 430 feet. 



On the meridian of Kirkville is a series of channels. The three 

 corners 1 mile south of the village lie in a pronounced channel, 

 and another scourway 40 feet higher lies a short distance south, 

 on the slope of the great hill. These two scourways unite east- 

 ward into a single channel. This channel is probably to be cor- 

 related with the higher one on the southwest in which lie 

 Round and Green lakes, and which was described in the 

 former report (p. 128). The waters which cut the Manlius 

 Center bluff also excavated, farther east, the large channel 

 ■| mile south of Kirkville. The latter river bed extends 

 east as a swampy tract for over a mile, and southwest 

 of the canal widewaters it is bounded by a steep, con- 

 cave bluff (see pi. 20). Around this swamp and bluff the north and 

 south road makes an eastward bend, as shown on the map. The 

 eastward continuation of this channel, which we may call the 

 Kirkville channel, forms another remarkable bluff along the 

 south side of the canal widewaters (see pi. 21, 22). This cliff, 40 

 to 50 feet high, is even more striking than the Manlius Center 

 cliff, as it has no high ground behind it. It is wholly Salina 

 shale, which is here used for the manufacture of brick by the 

 Kirkville Brick Co. The bluff is plainly seen from the New York 

 Central Railroad, f mile away. 



A mile north of these channels is another notable bank, a' mile 

 east of Kirkville station, and northeast of the village. An out- 

 lier of shale forms here the most northerly projection of the 

 high ground between Syracuse and Oneida. To pass this salient, 

 the two railroads make a decided bend in an otherwise straight 

 course, and pass close to the river-cut bank. This point of the 

 promontory felt for some time the corrosion of the glacial 

 waters, and the effect is seen in a strong, conspicuous, curving 

 slope in rock, facing north and close to the railroads (see pi. 23). 

 Lying some 10 feet higher than the base of the bluff, the canal 

 finds passage through a depression south of the bluff. The first 



