290 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



are not sharp. It is well worked and nearly square in section. 

 This is in the Waterbury collection at Brewerton. 



Fig. 340 is a long bone gouge from the Atwell fort. A little of 

 the top and most of the base are gone, but it is still 7f inches long, 

 being much reduced in the plate. There was probably a point at 

 the top, as well as a cutting edge at the broad end. Fig. 86 is a 

 long and curved bone implement, naturally grooved, but having a 

 perforation at the flat end. It is but slightly worked, but may have 

 been intended for a gouge. It was found by Dr Hinsdale at Brew- 

 erton. Fig. 267 was also found by him at the same place, one 

 piece being obtained by him in 1897, and the other the following 

 year. It is made from a walrus tusk, and another implement was 

 found of the same material, which also occurs north of Lake Ontario 

 and the St Lawrence. The gouge is rather rude. 



A figure should have been given of a broad bone gouge found by 



Mr Frey in the graves at Palatine Bridge, and figured and described 



by him. It is 4J inches long and 2 inches broad, and is unusually 



fine. 



Arrowheads 



It is the custom to call hollow bone or horn points arrowheads, 

 and they would have served this purpose very well by fitting the 

 shaft into the cavity. Such articles are widely distributed, but 

 nowhere abundant, and could have been used in this way only in 

 exceptional cases. This may be qualified by saying that, if lost in 

 the woods, they would not be preserved, and, however plentiful 

 they might once have been, they would not endure like those of 

 stone. The probability is however that as well finished articles they 

 were little used. 



This is not the only form of bone or horn arrowhead. Occa- 

 sionally we find those made for insertion in the shaft, but these are 

 much rarer than the form just mentioned. Very few have been 

 found. Early writers on America testify to the frequent use of 

 bone, and it is very likely that some things, naturally sharp, were 

 used with little preparation. A merely splintered bone at close 

 range would be very effective. A better point would be needed for 

 a long shot. 



In the General historie of Virginia, by Capt. John Smith, it is 



