HORN AND BONE IMPLEMENTS 307 



massive than any others reported in New York, is without barbs, 

 and has a slight groove at the top. It is also less angular than 

 usual, and probably is much more recent than those which follow. 

 The writer now definitely learns that it came from Michigan. 



Fig. 209 is one of those published by Dr Rau, being his fig. 189. 

 Like all the others, it is of actual size. Dr C. C. Abbott also gave 

 the same figure in his Primitive industry, at an earlier day. It 

 was found by W. Wallace Tooker in a shell heap near Sag Harbor. 

 No others have been discovered on Long Island, and it is the largest 

 bone hook yet obtained in New York. This is grooved near the 

 top, forming a neat head, and the curve is well rounded inside. 

 The basal curves, however, come to a point, greatly increasing the 

 strength of the implement there. In this respect it is unique. 



Fig. 210 is in A. G. Richmond's collection, and came from Rich- 

 mond Mills in Ontario county. There is a recent site there. It is 

 small, very angular, and without barb or knob, though' the top is 

 slightly curved. Fig. 213 belongs to Dr A. L. Benedict of Buffalo, 

 and was found east of that city. It is thick, but quite small, and 

 has neither barb nor knob. Fig. 226 is in the same collection, and 

 was found at the same place. It is small, thick and very angular, 

 and has a prominent head. 



Fig. 217 is from Dr Rau's fig. 186, representing a barbless hook 



found by F. H. Gushing in the Shelby fort, in Orleans county. Dr 



Rau says : 



It is made of deer bone, and beautifully polished, especially at the 

 point. The shank expands a little at the upper end, where there 

 are some slight grooves. Viewed horizontally from the lower end, 

 this hook shows in a slight degree the cavity of the bone. It was 

 discovered in an accumulation of debris, 18 inches below the sur- 

 face, near the center of an old circular earthwork. . . With it, 

 Mr Gushing informs me, occurred various other remains, such as 

 broken bones of animals, rudely ornamented potsherds, flint imple- 

 ments, awls, spatulae, portions of weapons and ornaments of b6ne 

 and deer horn, shell and stone beads, etc. Rati, p. 125 



This is the fort which some have argued is 7000 years old. The 

 mention of spatulas suggests those of Jefferson county. 



Fig. 218 is in the Buffalo collection and from a site on Buffum 

 street. It is quite small, and the shank is nearly double the thick- 

 ness of the rest of the hook. It is of the simplest possible pattern. 



