310 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



shank gradually expands upward, and then quickly contracts into 

 a groove, above which is a small and thin head. 



Fig. 222 is a curious and unique hook from the St Lawrence site 

 in Jefferson county, where it was found by Dr Getman in 1899.. 

 It is large, and the shank is very much curved, which is a rare 

 feature. Another distinction is made by two deep notches on one 

 edge near the top. This site is of uncertain age, but was in the , 

 early Onondaga territory, whence all barbed bone hooks have thus 

 far been reported. It is probable that a period of 50 years will 

 include all these, and possibly much less. The bone hooks of all 

 kinds here described are from Onondaga or Seneca territory, except 

 the one from Long Island, yet it seems proper to credit Mr Cush- 

 ing's hook and those from Buffalo to the Neutral nation, which 

 occupied that territory at an early day. None have yet been 

 reported from Oneida or Cayuga sites, but Mr Yan Epps saw some 

 hooks from an early grave 5 miles northwest of Schenectady. 



The Toronto collection has the largest barbed bone hook which 

 the writer has seen. It is 3-J inches high and has a very long barb. 

 The shank gradually contracts toward the top, which has a distinct 

 head. This was found in Lindsay Ont., Can. 



Fig. 101 is a bone frequently found on the Atwell site, which 

 suggests a hook. It shows little work, and was probably not used 

 for this purpose. 



Most European hooks figured in Keller's Lake dwellings of 

 Switzerland are quite unlike those of New York, and those found 

 in California are also of a different type. Early writers take notice 

 of simple forms near the Atlantic coast, which may have been 

 suggested to the natives by the gifts of earlier navigators. Those 

 thus far found in New York may confidently be referred to gifts of 

 this kind. The Madison ville site, in Ohio, has the simpler forms 

 and is of supposed early date, but nothing has been reported thence 

 which distinguishes it from an Iroquois village of the 16th century 

 except the pottery, and even then pottery with handles occurs in 

 New York. The hooks themselves certainly suggest that period, 

 and it may have been an outlying Erie town, though usually con- 

 sidered a mound builders' cemetery. 



That these hooks, wherever found, are due to some knowledge of 



