HORN AND BONE IMPLEMENTS 315 



the former, being quite broad. A Mohawk bone needle is 3J inches 

 long, and is quite wide in the middle, where there is the usual per- 

 foration. A round-pointed needle, broken at the eye and still 2-J- 

 inches long, comes from the island at Brewerton. Some with two 

 eyes are broken at both. They occur on many sites and in many 

 collections, but are often overlooked from their inconspicuous 

 character. 



Fig. 351 is a good example from the Christopher site, in the 

 Bigelow collection. It is of bone, convex on one surface and con- 

 cave on the other. Having been long in use, the point has been 

 sharpened as occasion required. The other end is not now pointed 

 and may never have been, though this would be unusual. It is cut 

 squarely across, and this seems the original design. That half also 

 does not follow the plane, as in most needles, but curves quickly out 



of the line. 



Spoons 



Iroquois spoons were usually made of wood, but a few have 

 appeared that were formed of bone, horn or metal. Every man 

 was expected to have his own, and to carry it to any feast to which 

 he might be invited. Small sizes were provided for children, and 

 larger for old people. They were broad, shallow, and often of quite 

 & large size. The writer has seen an old Indian friend eating with 

 •one not less than 6 inches wide. Such a one may have given name 

 to a noted Mohawk chief of 1660, who was called Adaquatho, or 

 Big Spoon. 



The Eskimo use horn dippers and spoons. Horn spoons were 

 found in a grave in Windsor Ct. ; and bone spoons were among 

 early New England articles. Few have been found in New York, 

 but some wooden and metallic ones have been taken from graves. 



Fig. 134 is of bone, and was found on a recent site in Cayuga 

 county, in May 1888. The handle is straight, on a plane with the 

 bowl, and the whole article much like those made of wood. The 

 latter, however, have the handle more at an angle, and generally 

 carved in some ornamental design at the top. Fig. 344 is more like 

 the usual forms in its curves, and is made of horn. It is reduced in 

 the iigure, and is a little over 7-J inches long. Viewed from the 

 side, it shows a double curve, and the handle has several notches on 



