CHAP. XXXIV. y/OUIFOLIA^CE^E. /VLEX. 515 



at that season, in the holly, as in the box, the wound is comparatively 

 obliterated by the healing over produced by the still abundant sap. When it 

 is desired to grow the holly for timber, it should be planted in close planta- 

 tions, like other forest trees ; either with or without nurse trees, according to 

 the situation ; and the stems should be deprived of the side branches, when 

 they are under half an inch in diameter, to a certain height, say a fourth of 

 the entire height of the tree, in order to produce a clean trunk. 



Statistics. Ho/lies in ancient Times. Pliny tells us that " Tiburtus built the city of Tibur near 

 three holly trees ; over which he had observed the flight of birds that pointed out the spot whereon 

 the gods had fixed for its erection ; and that these trees were standing in his own time, and must, 

 therefore, be upwards of 1200 years old. He also tells us that there was a holly tree, then growing 

 near the Vatican, in Rome, on which was fixed a plate of brass, with an inscription engraven in Tuscan 

 letters ; and that this tree was older than Rome itself, which must have been more than 800 years." 

 (Book xvi. chap. 44.). This author notices a holly tree in Tusrulum, the trunk of which measured 

 35 ft. in circumference, and which sent out ten branches, of such magnitude, that each might pass for 

 a tree. He says, this single tree alone resembled a small wood. Cole tells us, in his Paradise of 

 Plants, that he knew a tree of this kind which grew in an orchard ; and the owner, he says, " cut it 

 down, and caused it to be sawed into boards, and made himself thereof a coffin ; and, if I mistake not, 

 left enough to make his wife one also. Both the parties were very corpulent; and, therefore, you 

 may imagine the tree could not be small." (Sylva Florifera, i. p. 283.) Bradley, in 1726, men- 

 tions hollies above 60 ft. high, in the holly walk, near Frencham, in Surrey, in sandy soil. Evelyn 

 mentions some large ones near his own place, at Wooton, in Surrey, in the neighbourhood of which 

 was once a fort called Holmsdale Castle, from, as he supposes, the number of holms, or hollies, which 

 once grew there. The names of Holmsdale, Holmwood, and Holme Castle occur in various parts 

 of Scotland, and are generally supposed to have been applied in consequence of the abundance of 

 hollies at these places at the time the names were given. Hayes mentions a variegated silver holly 

 at Ballygannon, in Ireland, 28 ft. high, with a trunk, 5 ft. in circumference ; and another, on In- 

 nisfallen Island, in the Lake of Killarney, with a trunk 15 ft. in circumference, and about the same 

 height before it began to branch out. 



Ylex Aquifblium in the Environs of London. At Syon, I. A. aureo-marginatum 50 ft. high, and 

 / A. albo-marginatum 35 ft. high ; at York House, Twickenham, the species 50 years planted, and 

 40 ft. high ; at Mount Grove, Hampstead, 25 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 16 in., and of the 

 head, 20 ft. ; at Ham House, 33 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 21 in., and of the head 31 ft. ; in 

 the Fulham Nursery, 30 years planted, and 40ft. high. 



Ylex Aquifblium South of London. In Cornwall, at Port Elliott, 70 years planted, and 40 ft. high, 

 the diameter of the trunk 3 ft. 3 in., and of the head 52 ft. In Devonshire, at Killerton, 33 ft. high ; 

 at Endsleigh Cottage, I. A. aureo-marginatum, 22 years planted, and 21 ft. high; at Kempton, 45 ft. 

 high. In Dorsetshire, at Compton House, 100 years planted and 40 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 

 2 ft. 2 in. In the Isle of Jersey, in Saunders's Nursery, 10 years planted, and 16 ft. high. In Hamp- 

 shire, at Alresford, 30 years planted, and 40 ft. high. In Somersetshire, at Nettlecombe, 100 years 

 planted, and 27 ft. high. In Surrey, at Claremont, 80 ft. high (.the highest in England), the diameter 

 of the trunk 2 ft. 2 in., and of the head 25 ft, in sandy loam, on gravel, and drawn up among other 

 trees; at Walton on Thames, 40 years planted, and 23ft. high, the branches spreading over a space 

 76 ft. in diameter; at Pepper Harrow Park, various trees from 60 ft. to 70 ft. high ; at Bagshot Park, 

 40 ft. high. In Sussex, at Cowdray, 53 ft. high. In Wiltshire, at Wardour Castle, 40 years planted, 

 and 25 ft. high, diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 4 in., and of the head 54 ft. 



Ylex Aquifolium North of London. In Berkshire, at Hampstead Marshall, there are various trees 

 from 40 ft. to 50 ft. high, with trunks from 4 ft. to 5 ft. in diameter. In Cheshire, at Kinmel Park, 20 

 years planted, and 26 ft. high, in sandy loam, on moist clay. In Cumberland, at Ponsonby Hall, many 

 specimens 30 ft. high. In Durham, at Southend, 8 years planted, and 13 ft. high. In Essex, at Hy". 

 lands, 10 years planted, and 18 ft. high. In Monmouthshire, at Dowlais House, 30 years planted, and 



18 ft. high. In Norfolk, at Merton, one 61 ft. high, with a trunk 4ft. in diameter ; and two others 

 nearly as large. In Staffordshire, at Trentham, 26 ft.high. In Rutlandshire, at Belvoir Castle, 7 years 

 planted, and 8 ft. high. In Warwickshire, at Whitley Abbey, 160 years planted, and 43 ft high. 

 In Worcestershire, at Croome, 35 years planted, and 40 ft. high. In Yorkshire, at Hackness, 50 years 

 planted, and 30 ft. high ; at Grimston, in argillaceous soil, 37 ft. high ; and at Cannon Hall, the species 

 38 ft. high, /. A. albo-marginatum 39 ft. high, 1. A. aureo-marginatum 32 ft. high, and I. A. ferox 



19 ft. high. 



Ylex Aquifblium in the Environs of Edinburgh. At Hopetoun House, 100 years planted, 44 ft. 

 high, diameter of the trunk 2 ft. 1 in., and of the head 30 ft, on clay ; at Craigie Hall, 20 ft. high ; 

 at Woodhouse Lee, a hedge, upwards of 100 ft long, and 30 ft. high ; at Cramond House, 20 ft. high ; 

 at Moredun, a hedge, planted in the beginning of the eighteenth century, 378 ft long, 20 ft. high, 



9 ft. wide at bottom, and 4 ft. wide at top, annually clipped; at Collinton, 1120 ft. of holly hedges, 

 planted in 1670 and 1780, and varying from 15 ft. to 28 ft. in height, clipped every three years. 



Ylex Aquifblium South of Edinburgh. In East Lothian, at Gosford House, 20 ft high; at Biel, 100 

 years planted, 37| ft. high ; at Tyningham, 2952 yards of holly hedges, chiefly planted in 1712, from 



10 ft to 25 ft. in height, and from 9 ft. to 13 ft wide at the base; and singletrees, varying in height from 



20 ft. to 50 ft Most of the hedges are regularly clipped in April, and they are carefully protected, by 

 ditches on each side, from the bite of cattle, and more particularly of sheep, which are very fond of 

 the bark, shoots, and young leaves of the holly. In Kirkcudbrightshire, at Bargally, there are 

 several varieties, above 140 years planted, and from 30 ft. to 40 ft. high. 



Ylex Aquifblimn North of Edinburgh. In Argyllshire, at Toward Castle, various trees, from 25 ft. 

 to 30 ft. high, with trunks from 18 in. to 20 in. in diameter, and that of the heads from 20 ft. to 30 ft, 

 on gravelly loam. In Banffshire, at Gordon Castle, 52 ft. high, the trunk 2 ft. 6 in. in diameter, and 

 the soil a strong loam on a strong clay. (See the dimensions of numerous hollies at Gordon Castle, 

 in Gard. Mag., vol. iii. p. 185.) In Fifeshire, at Danibristle Park, 44 ft. high, the diameter of the 

 trunk 25 in., and of the head 18 ft., on strong loam. The trees here, and at Gordon Castle, prove 

 that, if the holly were drawn up in a close plantation, like the larch or pine, it would, like them, 

 produce a clean straight trunk, of a timber-like size, in a moderate space of ground and time. In 

 Perthshire, at Taymouth, 30 ft. high. In Renfrewshire, at Bothwell Castle, 45 years planted, and 

 46 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 15 inches, and of the head 38 ft, in heavy loam on moist clay. 

 In Sutherlandshire, at Dunrobin Castle, 43 ft high, the diameter of the trunk 17 in., and of the 

 head 25 ft., in black heath soil, on gravel. 



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