CHAP. XLI. LEGUMINA CEJE. GYAINO CLADUS. 657 



Proposes and Uses. The wood is very hard and compact; it is also 

 strong and tough, and of a fine rose colour. In America, it is used both in 

 cabinet-making and carpentry, and, like the wood of the robinia, it has the 

 remarkable property of rapidly converting its sap-wood into heart-wood ; so 

 that a trunk 6 in. in diameter has not more than six lines of sap-wood, and 

 may, consequently, be almost entirely employed for useful purposes. The 

 seeds were, at one time, roasted and ground as a substitute for coffee in 

 Kentucky and Tennessee; but their use in this way has been long since dis- 

 continued. The pods, preserved like those of the tamarind (to which this 

 genus is nearly allied), are said to be wholesome, and slightly aperient. The 

 live bark is extremely bitter ; so that a morsel, no bigger than a grain of 

 maize, chewed for some time, causes a violent irritation in the throat. In 

 Britain, the only use of the tree is for ornamental purposes ; and, considered 

 as an object of curiosity and beauty, no collection ought to be without it. 



Soil, Situation, Propagation, fyc. A rich, deep, free soil is essential to the 

 thriving of this tree; and such a soil is never met with naturally in exposed 

 situations. The tree is generally propagated by imported seeds ; but it will 

 grow freely from cuttings of the roots, care being taken in planting to keep 

 that end upwards which is naturally so. 



Statistics. Gymndcladus canadensis in England. In the environs of London, at Whitton, 87 years 

 planted, and 60 ft. high ; at Syon, 54- ft. high, diameter of the trunk 18 in. and of the head 29 ft. (see 

 our plate of this tree in Vol. II.) ; in the Mile End Nursery, S5 ft. ; at Kenwood, 25 years planted, and 

 20 ft. high. — South of London. In Kent, at Cobham Hall, 25 years planted, and 20 ft. high. In Surrey, 

 at St. Anne's Hill, 30 years planted, and 45 ft. high; at Claremont, 45 ft. high, the diameter of the 

 trunk 18 in., and of the head 35 ft.; at Walton, 42 years planted, and 50 ft. high, diameter of the 

 trunk 18 in., and of the head 33 ft. ; at Farnham Castle,' 45 years planted, and 25 ft. high, the diameter 

 of the trunk 12 in., in poor soil on chalk. — North of London. In Cheshire, at Kinmel Park, 5 years 

 planted, and 5 ft. high. In Hertfordshire, at Cheshunt, 7 years planted, and 12 ft. high. In Oxford- 

 shire, in the Oxford Botanic Garden, 40 years planted, and 35 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 1 ft. 

 2 in., and of the head 15 ft. In Worcestershire, at Croome, 40 years planted, and 60 ft. high, diameter 

 of the trunk 18 in., and of the head 30 ft. 



Gymndcladus canadensis in Scotland. In the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, 15ft. high; in Law- 

 son's Nursery, 10 years planted, and 6 ft. high ; in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, 12 years planted, 

 and 13 ft. high ; in the Perth Nursery, 12 ft. high. 



Gymnocladus canadensis in Ireland. In the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, 25 years planted, and 24 ft. 

 high, diameter of the trunk 6 in., and of the head 7 ft. ; at Terenure, 20 years planted, and 15 ft. high ; 

 in the Cullenswood Nursery, 10 years planted, and 15 ft. high. 



Gymnocladus canadensis in Foreign Countries. In France, at Paris, in the Jardin des Plantes, 60 

 years planted, and 55 ft. high, the diameter of the trunk 20 in., and of the head 40ft. ; at Sceaux, 18 

 years planted, and 30 ft high ; in the Botanic Garden at Toulon, 20 years planted, and 25 ft. high ; in 

 the Botanic Garden at Metz, 32 years planted, and 40ft. high ; at Colombier, near Metz, 60 years 

 planted, and 65 ft. high. In Austria, at Vienna, 13 years planted, and 30 ft. high. In Prussia, at 

 Berlin, at Sans Souci, 30 years planted, and 30 ft. high ; in the Pfauen Insel, 8 years planted, and 

 22 ft. high. In Hanover, in the Botanic Garden at Gdttingen, 25 years planted, and 30 ft. high. In 

 Italy, at Monza, 29 years planted, and 40 ft. high. 



Commercial Statistics. Plants in the London nurseries are 2s. 6d. each ; at 

 Bollwyller, 1 franc and 50 cents ; and at New York, 50 cents. 



Genus XXII. 

 I 



CE'RCIS L. The Judas Tree. Lin. Sj/st. Decandria Monog^ma. 



Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 510. ; Lam. 111., t. 328. ; Gasrt. Fruct., t. 144. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 518. ; 



Don's Mill., 2. p. 463. 

 Synonymes. Siliquastrum Town. Inst., t.414. ; Mcench Meth. ; Gainier Fr. ; Judasbaum, Get: 

 Derivation. From kerkis, a shuttlecock, the name given by Theophrastus to this tree. 



Description, $c. Leaves simple, heart-shaped at the base, many-nerved, 

 entire, protruded after the flowers ; these borne in groups, each on a pedicel 

 proceeding directly from the trunk or branches. (Dec. Prod., ii. p. 518.) 

 Deciduous trees of the third rank, or shrubs, natives of Europe, or North 

 America. 



^ 1. C. *Sixiqua'strum L. The common Judas Tree. 



Identification. Lin. Sp., 534. ; Dec. Prod., 2. p. 518. ; Don's Mill., 2. p. 463. 



Synonymes. Siliquastrum orbiculatum Mcench Meth. ; Love Tree; Gainier commun, Arbrede Jud^e, 



Fr. ; Arbol d' Amor, Span. ; Judasbaum, Ger. 

 Engravings. N. Du Ham., t. 7. ; Bot. Mag., t. 1138. ; Mill. Icon., 253. ; and the plates of this species 



in Vol. II. 



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