'98 



ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. 



PART III. 



and their lower ex- 

 tremities are nailed to 

 pieces of wood (c), 

 which, when the fence 

 is put up, are buried 

 in the soil to the depth 

 of 2 ft. or 3 ft., as indi- 

 cated by the dotted 

 line d, so as to keep 

 the espalier firmly in 

 its place. In the mid- 

 dle of each portion 

 55 (such as that indicated 

 in the figure) of the 

 espalier, and equidis- 

 tant from the stand- 

 ards of hoop-iron,is the 

 standard of rod-iron 

 (of the same thickness 

 as that used for the 

 horizontal rails), e ; to 

 which these rails are 

 fastened with wire, 

 merely for the pur- 

 pose of keeping them 

 steady, and at regular 

 distances from each 

 other. The espalier 

 may be extended to 

 any length, by insert- 

 ing the ends of the 

 horizontal rods in 

 cylinders of tinned 

 iron, as indicated at/, 

 which is the tin cylinder, while g g are the ends of two rods which are to be 

 inserted in it ; or they may be joined in the manner of hooks and eyes, which 



is the strongest mode, 

 though not so neat as 

 the other. The iron 

 rods are generally 

 about a in. in dia- 

 meter, and 16 ft. long. 

 Espaliers of this kind, 

 being broader at bot- 

 tom than at top, ad- 

 mit of the rain falling 

 on all the leaves from 

 the top to the bottom ; 

 and, whether they are 

 covered with shrubs or 

 trees, for the sake of 

 their flowers, or for 

 their fruit, they are 

 alike handsome and 

 advantageous. Dif- 

 ferent sorts may be 

 grown on each side of 

 the espalier ; or only 

 one sort may be placed 



